Xanthelasma is an accumulation of fat, in particular cholesterol, localized on the eyelids. The condition is especially prevalent after the age of 40; however it can also affect younger individuals. It is also more common in women than in men.
Xanthelasma is characterized by a yellowish deposit of fat with a variable shape and size sticking out from the eyelid. If a xanthelasma grows larger and nodular, relating to timorous proportions, it may be referred to as a xanthoma. Generally, the growth is non-cancerous and painless and it does not interfere with an individual’s vision; however, xanthelasma may indicate the presence of high cholesterol. Over time, cholesterol build-up in the arteries (atherosclerosis) can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, heart attack or stroke.
The debate on the relationship of xanthelasma with levels of cholesterol and other lipids in the blood is still open for discussion. It seems, in fact, that the xanthelasmata are not necessarily associated with dyslipidemia, however, there are cases in which they are associated with altered levels of blood lipids (diabetes, certain cancers, hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia).
It is advisable to contact a doctor regarding any concerns and determine the most appropriate form of treatment, depending on the individual’s condition and the cause itself (as it may be a sign of another underlying medical condition).
What diseases may be associated with xanthelasma?
Diseases that may be associated with xanthelasma include the following:
- Liver cirrhosis
- Pancreatitis
- Primary biliary cirrhosis
- Hypothyroidism
- Dyslipidemia
Keep in mind that this list is not exhaustive and it is always a good idea to consult with a doctor regarding any questions or concerns.
What are possible treatment options for xanthelasma?
Xanthelasmas do not tend to go away on their own and the growths will either stay the same in size or develop larger over time. They can be removed surgically; however, surgery may not be the only recommended option, especially in cases of large xanthelasmas. Fortunately, there are other viable options: laser treatment with CO2 or argon, chemical cauterization with chlorinated acetic acids and, in case of surfaced xanthelasmata, electric drying orcryotherapy. While treatments tend to work well, they can cause some side effects such as scars, skin colour changes and a turning out of the eyelid. Unfortunately, sometimes xanthelasma can recur after removal. In order to reduce the risk of recurrence, in some cases it may be useful to follow a diet with a low content of fat.
When is it advised to consult with a doctor regarding xanthelasma?
In cases where the xanthelasma causes concern or discomfort, it is advised to speak with a doctor. If an individual wishes to have the yellow growths removed from their eyelids, seeing a dermatologist is recommended. Since it is suggested that xanthelasma may be an early sign of cholesterol building up in the blood vessels, proper examination (checking cholesterol levels, blood pressure levels, liver function and other heart risks) is important in order to determine any problems that may require specific treatment or the examination can open the way for the potential removal of the fatty deposits with the most appropriate treatment technique.
