Cefoxitin is an antibiotic that belongs to the category of cephamycins, which are molecules that are produced by the bacterium Streptomyces lactamdurans and fall into the group of second-generation cephalosporins. In general, Cefoxitin and second-generation cephalosporins are characterized by having a wide spectrum of action that is effective both on Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. They also have pharmacokinetic properties.
From a molecular point of view, Cefoxitin acts by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial wall. Like other cephalosporins, this antibiotic has the ability to bind to the transpeptidase enzymes that serve to create the bonds between the peptidoglycan chains (the polymers essential for the formation of the bacterial wall). In turn, the activity of transpeptidase enzymes inhibits the stability of the bacterial cell wall, resulting in the death of the growing bacterial cells.
Cefoxitin’s spectrum of activity is rather similar to that of Cefamandole. It is less effective than the first-generation cephalosporins and leans towards Gram-positive bacteria; however, it is very effective against anaerobic bacteria.
What is Cefoxitin?
Cefoxitin is used to treat anaerobic bacteria infections or mixed aerobic-anaerobic infections. It is also used to treat intra-abdominal infections (e.g. Appendicitis: inflammation of the appendix) and certain infections of the female genital tract. It is most effective against infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to antibiotic therapy and the possible cause for more severe illnesses.
How should Cefoxitin be taken?
Cefoxitin is administered parenterally as a sodium salt (in the form of powder and solvent solution to be injected intramuscularly or intravenously).
Side effects associated with Cefoxitin
The basic treatment with Cefoxitin is generally well tolerated. The most common side effects seen especially in susceptible or sensitive individuals include the following:
- Gastrointestinal disorders: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain;
- Kidney function abnormalities: glomerular and tubular damage, urinary abnormalities, proteinuria ;
- Liver function abnormalities: increased transaminases; increased bilirubin;
- Hematologic abnormalities: hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia;
- Neurological symptoms: lethargy, spasms;
- Allergic reactions: itching, hives, angioedema, bronchospasm, hypotension, anaphylactic reactions.
Contraindications and warnings associated with the use of Cefoxitin
Particular attention should be paid when administering this drug in patients with renal and hepatic dysfunction. In any case, during the administration of this drug, it is advised to monitor the patient’s kidney and liver function. To date, there is no sufficient data available to detect the possible safe use of this drug during pregnancy and so it is not recommended in women who are pregnant. In case of urgency or real need, Cefoxitin can be taken, however only under strict medical supervision. Since it tends to accumulate in breast milk, you need to decide whether you wish to discontinue breast-feeding or discontinue treatment with the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to maternal health. The use of Cefoxitin should always be preceded once the organism is isolated and identified. This is generally done by detecting the sensitivity and susceptibility of the microorganisms to cephamycins.
