{"id":49706,"date":"2018-05-04T12:35:06","date_gmt":"2018-05-04T12:35:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=wiki&#038;p=49706"},"modified":"2018-05-04T12:35:40","modified_gmt":"2018-05-04T12:35:40","slug":"ovarijumi","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/ovarijumi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ovarijumi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Jajnici (ili \u017eenske gonade) predstavljaju dve \u017elezde, pozante i kao ovarijumi koji zajedno sa uterusom, falopijevim tubama ( jajovodi ili tubusi materice), vaginom i vulvom formiraju \u017eenski reproduktivni trakt.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u0160ta je ovarijum?<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ovarijum (ili \u017eenski gonadi) su dve \u017elezde u obliku badema, lokalizovane na obe lateralne strane uterusa.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kod odraslih \u017eena jajnici su du\u017eine oko 4 cm, \u0161irine oko\u00a0 2 cm i debljine 1 cm. Povezani su preko ligamenata sa matericom\u00a0 i jajovodnim tubusima \u0161to im omogu\u0107ava pokretljivost, dok se njihova veli\u010dina smanjuje sa godinama starosti.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tokom razli\u010ditih \u017eivotnih faza jajnici nisu uvek iste veli\u010dine: kod devoj\u010dica su manje veli\u010dine i pokazuju tendenciju atrofije tokom godina. Kod \u017eena nakon vi\u0161estrukih trudno\u0107a, naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e su ve\u0107i nego uobi\u010dajeno.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Svaki jajnik poseduje dva pola: gornji pol (tubalni), koji povezuje infundibulum sa jajovodom; donji pol (uterusni) koji je tanji i pridru\u017euje se uterus preko utero-ovarijalnog\u00a0 ligamenta.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Postoje dva sloja tkiva koja formiraju\u00a0 ovarijume: unutra\u0161nji sloj, ili medularni deo koji je bogat u gustom vezivnom tkivu i krvnim sudovima radi nutritivne i kiseoni\u010dne potpore; spolja\u0161nji sloj ovarijuma, kortikalni deo, deo koji \u010dini oko dve tre\u0107ine celokupnog tkiva \u017elezde sad\u017ei sve folikule ovarijuma u razli\u010ditim stadijumima zrelosti \u010dak i mesecima nakon menstrualnog ciklusa i mo\u017ee se stimulisati maturacijom oocita i posledi\u010dnom ekspulzijom jajne \u0107elije koja je od vitalnog zna\u010daja za reprodukciju.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Koja je funkcija ovarijuma ?<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ovarijumi u\u010destvuju u dvojnim mehanizmima: pored produkcije jajnih \u0107elija, predstavljaju nezamenljiv faktor u reprodukciji (gametogeneza), sekreciji seksualnih hormone (estrogen, progesteron i manja koli\u010dina androgena) koji reguli\u0161u sve stadijume \u017eenskog reproduktivnog sistema (endokrine funkcije).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Svakog meseca ovarijumi osloba\u0111aju sazrelu jajnu \u0107eliju koja je spreman za oplo\u0111enje.\u00a0 Tokom njenog napu\u0161tanja\u00a0 ovarijalnog folikula, jajna \u0107elija migrira ka falopijevoj tubi (ili tubi uterusnoj tubi); nakon otpu\u0161tanja jajne \u0107elije, folikul postaje \u017euto telo i zapo\u010dinje sekreciju estrogena i progesterona do moemnta ferrtilizacije jajne \u0107elije.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ovo se prepoznaje kao proces ovulacije koji je stimulisan hipotalamusom, \u0161to signalizira hipofizu da proizvodi folikle-stimulativne hormone (FSH) kako bi stimulisao folikle jajnika za proizvodnju estrogena. U me\u0111uvremenu, hipofizna \u017elezda po\u010dinje da osloba\u0111a luteinizujuc\u0301i hormon (LH) kako bi se olak\u0161alo otpu\u0161tanje jajeta u jajovitsku tubu.\u00a0Proces se uo\u010dava kao ovulatorni proces stimulisan hipotalamusnim signalima \u0161to aktivira hipofizu da sekretuje folikulo-stimuliraju\u0107i hormon (FSH) radi dalje sinteze jajnih folikula za produkciju estrogena. U me\u0111uvremenu, pituitarna\u00a0 \u017elezda zapo\u010dinje osloba\u0111anje luteiniziraju\u0107eg hormona (LH) radi olak\u0161avanja osloba\u0111anja jajne \u0107elije u falopijeve tube.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Na kraju menstualnog ciklusa, u slu\u010daju da ne do\u0111e do fertilizacije, \u017euto telo regresira i jajna \u0107elija se elimini\u0161e putem menstualne krvi. Ako do oplo\u0111enja jajne \u0107elije ipak do\u0111e, jajna \u0107elija prolazi kroz tubuse ka uterusu u cilju implantacije i oplodnje.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Postoji aproksimativno 1 do 2 miliona jajnih \u0107elija prisutnih na ro\u0111enju. Ipak, samo 300 do 500 jajnih \u0107elija podle\u0107i \u0107e ovulaciji i sazreti\u00a0 u cilju dalje piprem za fertilizaciju.<\/p>\n<p>Tokom starenja preostale jajne \u0107elije smanjuju se po funkciji i broju sve do menopauze kada njihov broj postaje minimalan.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","wiki-categories":[1666],"wiki-types":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ovarijumi - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/ovarijumi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ovarijumi - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jajnici (ili \u017eenske gonade) predstavljaju dve \u017elezde, pozante i kao ovarijumi koji zajedno sa uterusom, falopijevim tubama ( jajovodi ili tubusi materice), vaginom i vulvom formiraju \u017eenski reproduktivni trakt. &nbsp; \u0160ta je ovarijum? &nbsp; Ovarijum (ili \u017eenski gonadi) su dve \u017elezde u obliku badema, lokalizovane na obe lateralne strane uterusa. &nbsp; Kod odraslih \u017eena jajnici [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/ovarijumi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-05-04T12:35:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@humanitasmilano\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/ovarijumi\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/ovarijumi\/\",\"name\":\"Ovarijumi - Humanitas.net\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2018-05-04T12:35:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-05-04T12:35:40+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/ovarijumi\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/ovarijumi\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/ovarijumi\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Wikis\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Ovarijumi\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/\",\"name\":\"Humanitas.net\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"sr\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Humanitas\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/\",\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/humanitasmilano\"],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/logo-news-.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/logo-news-.png\",\"width\":314,\"height\":61,\"caption\":\"Humanitas\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Ovarijumi - Humanitas.net","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/ovarijumi\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Ovarijumi - Humanitas.net","og_description":"Jajnici (ili \u017eenske gonade) predstavljaju dve \u017elezde, pozante i kao ovarijumi koji zajedno sa uterusom, falopijevim tubama ( jajovodi ili tubusi materice), vaginom i vulvom formiraju \u017eenski reproduktivni trakt. &nbsp; \u0160ta je ovarijum? &nbsp; Ovarijum (ili \u017eenski gonadi) su dve \u017elezde u obliku badema, lokalizovane na obe lateralne strane uterusa. &nbsp; Kod odraslih \u017eena jajnici [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/ovarijumi\/","og_site_name":"Humanitas.net","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/","article_modified_time":"2018-05-04T12:35:40+00:00","twitter_card":"summary","twitter_site":"@humanitasmilano","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/ovarijumi\/","url":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/ovarijumi\/","name":"Ovarijumi - Humanitas.net","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2018-05-04T12:35:06+00:00","dateModified":"2018-05-04T12:35:40+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/ovarijumi\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/ovarijumi\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/ovarijumi\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Wikis","item":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Ovarijumi"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/","name":"Humanitas.net","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"sr"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#organization","name":"Humanitas","url":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/","https:\/\/twitter.com\/humanitasmilano"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sr","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/logo-news-.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/logo-news-.png","width":314,"height":61,"caption":"Humanitas"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/49706"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/49706\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"wiki-categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki-categories?post=49706"},{"taxonomy":"wiki-types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki-types?post=49706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}