{"id":49631,"date":"2018-05-03T07:42:47","date_gmt":"2018-05-03T07:42:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=wiki&#038;p=49631"},"modified":"2018-05-03T07:43:06","modified_gmt":"2018-05-03T07:43:06","slug":"materica","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/materica\/","title":{"rendered":"Materica"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Materica ili maternica je \u0161uplji mi\u0161i\u0107ni organ koji zajedno sa jajnicima, jajovodima, vaginom i vulvom \u010dini \u017eenski reproduktivni trakt. Funkcija materice je primanje oplo\u0111ene jajne \u0107elije. Oplo\u0111ena jajna \u0107elija sazreva unutar materice, nakon \u010dega se kroz nju izbacuje fetus kada se zavr\u0161i period trudno\u0107e. U gornji deo materice ulaze dve odvojene cevi jajovoda, dok se ona na dnu zavr\u0161ava u vaginalnom otvoru.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ne postoje dve iste materice i sama struktura ovog organa razlikuje se od \u017eene do \u017eene. Materica prolazi kroz mnogobrojne promene kroz \u017eivotni i reproduktivni ciklus \u017eene (predadolescencija, pubertet, polna zrelost, menopauza) kao i tokom trudno\u0107e i kroz menstrualni ciklus.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u0160ta je materica?<\/h2>\n<p>Materica je mi\u0161i\u0107ni sluzoko\u017eni organ koji predstavlja jedan od bitnijih delova reproduktivnog trakta \u017eene. Ovaj organ izgra\u0111en je od glatkih mi\u0161i\u0107a okru\u017eenih \u017elezdama, i spada u neparne organe. Materica ima oblik naopako okrenute kru\u0161ke. Kod \u017eena koje se nisu pora\u0111ale materica je duga\u010dka izme\u0111u 6 i 7 cm, \u0161iroka oko 4.3 a duboka oko 3.2 cm. Ukupna te\u017eina materice kod mladih devojaka i \u017eena koje se nisu pora\u0111ale je oko 50 grama. Veli\u010dina i te\u017eina materice mogu biti znatno ve\u0107e od prethodno navedenih vrednosti kod \u017eena koje su imale jednu ili vi\u0161e trudno\u0107a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Anatomija materice mo\u017ee se podeliti na tri sloja tkiva:<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Unutra\u0161nji sloj: naziva se jo\u0161 i endometrijum, i predstavlja najaktivniji sloj materice. Ovaj sloj najreaktivniji je na cikli\u010dne hormonske promene koje nastaju u jajnicima, i veoma je bitan za normalnu menstrualnu i reproduktivnu funkciju.<\/li>\n<li>Sredi\u0161nji sloj: ovaj sloj naziva se jo\u0161 i miometrijum ili mi\u0161i\u0107ni sloj, i izgra\u0111en je od \u0107elija glatkih mi\u0161i\u0107a. Najve\u0107i deo zapremine materice sa\u010dinjen je od ovog sloja.<\/li>\n<li>Spolja\u0161nji sloj: spolja\u0161nji sloj, odnosno seroza ili perimetrijum, predstavlja spolja\u0161nji sloj tkiva koji je izgra\u0111en od epitelnih \u0107elija koje okru\u017euju matericu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Unutra\u0161njost materice oblo\u017eena je endometrijumom. Endometrijum je zadu\u017een za obezbe\u0111ivanje nutrijenata embrionu u prvom periodu razvoja ploda. Mi\u0161i\u0107i koji se nalaze na unutra\u0161njim zidovima materice (miometrijum) su debeli i \u010dvrsti i zadu\u017eeni su za sna\u017ene kontrakcije koje omogu\u0107avaju poro\u0111aj.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Po strukturi materica se mo\u017ee podeliti na dva razli\u010dita dela:<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ve\u0107i deo: naziva se telom materice, i u njega se ulivaju jajovodi. U obliku je trougla i \u0161iri se ka gore<\/li>\n<li>U\u017ei deo: naziva se vratom ili grli\u0107em materice. U obliku je cilindra koji je okrenut ka dole i \u0161iri se ka vaginalnom otvoru.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pre puberteta, grli\u0107 materice duplo je kra\u0107i od materice. Kod \u017eena koje su se ve\u0107 porodile grli\u0107 materice raste i \u010dini skoro jednu tre\u0107inu celokupne du\u017eine materice. Kod \u017eena koje su imale dve ili vi\u0161e trudno\u0107e grli\u0107 materice se mo\u017ee produ\u017eiti i \u010diniti \u010dak i do dve tre\u0107ine celokupne du\u017eine materice.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Materi\u010dne arterije i arterije jajnika omogu\u0107avaju dotok krvi u matericu. Materi\u010dne arterije predstavljaju deo prednjih grana ilija\u010dne arterije. U nekim slu\u010dajevima materi\u010dne arterije omogu\u0107avaju dotok krvi i do vaginalne arterije. Vaginalna arterije snabdeva gornji deo vagine i arterije koje okru\u017euju matericu krvlju.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Koja je funkcija materice?<\/h2>\n<p>Glavna funkcija materice je prihvatanje i odr\u017eavanje rasta ploda u toku trudno\u0107e. Unutra\u0161nji sloj materice naziva se endometrijum i igra veoma bitnu ulogu u trudno\u0107i. Unutar endometrijuma se sme\u0161ta oplo\u017eena jajna \u0107elija. U toku trudno\u0107e endometrijum se zadebljava i postaje ispunjen krvnim \u017eilama. Ove promene u materici stvaraju savr\u0161ene uslove za sme\u0161taj i potporni razvoj fetusa. Ukoliko ne do\u0111e do za\u010de\u0107a, endometrijum se lju\u0161ti i odlazi kao deo menstrualnog krvarenja.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","wiki-categories":[1666],"wiki-types":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Materica - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/materica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Materica - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Materica ili maternica je \u0161uplji mi\u0161i\u0107ni organ koji zajedno sa jajnicima, jajovodima, vaginom i vulvom \u010dini \u017eenski reproduktivni trakt. Funkcija materice je primanje oplo\u0111ene jajne \u0107elije. Oplo\u0111ena jajna \u0107elija sazreva unutar materice, nakon \u010dega se kroz nju izbacuje fetus kada se zavr\u0161i period trudno\u0107e. 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