{"id":49629,"date":"2018-05-03T07:41:47","date_gmt":"2018-05-03T07:41:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=wiki&#038;p=49629"},"modified":"2018-05-03T07:41:52","modified_gmt":"2018-05-03T07:41:52","slug":"urinarni-sistem","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/urinarni-sistem\/","title":{"rendered":"Urinarni sistem"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Urinarni ili uropoezni sistem je skup organa koji u\u010destvuju u regulaciji zapremine i sastava telesnih te\u010dnosti. Urinarni sistem sastoji se od bubrega (ren), mokra\u0107ovoda (ureter), mokra\u0107ne be\u0161ike i mokra\u0107ne cevi. Kroz urinarni sistem iz krvne plazme se elimini\u0161u \u0161tetne materije i vi\u0161ak vode i elektrolita, pri \u010demu nastaje mokra\u0107a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u0160ta je urinarni sistem?<\/h2>\n<p>Glavna funkcija urinarnog trakta i svih organa koji \u010dine ovaj sistem je proizvodnja i eliminisanje mokra\u0107e iz tela.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Bubrezi<\/h2>\n<p>Bubrezi su parni organi koji predstavljaju centralni deo urinarnog sistema. Imaju oblik \u0161upljeg zrna pasulja, a kod odrasle osobe bubreg je te\u017eak izme\u0111u 140 i 150 grama. \u00a0Sme\u0161teni su u retroperitonealnom prostoru na zadnjem zidu abdomena, i nalaze se sa obe strane ki\u010dmenog stuba u visini 12. grudnog i 1. i 2. slabinskog pr\u0161ljena. Desni bubreg je potisnut jetrom i nalazi se malo ni\u017ee u odnosu na levi bubreg. Bubrezi su duga\u010dki oko 12 cm. Osnovna funkcija ovih organa je formiranje kona\u010dne mokra\u0107e, ali pored toga oni tako\u0111e i imaju vi\u0161estruku ulogu u odr\u017eavanju normalne funkcije organizma. Bubrezi reguli\u0161u ravnote\u017eu vode i elektrolita, kao i ravnote\u017eu acido-bazne ravnote\u017ee u telu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Ureter<\/h2>\n<p>Ureter, odnosno mokra\u0107ovod, predstavlja parni cevasti organ koji sprovodi uobli\u010denu mokra\u0107u iz bubrega u mokra\u0107nu be\u0161iku. Kod odraslih osoba mokra\u0107ovod je obi\u010dno duga\u010dak izme\u0111u 24 i 34 cm, a pre\u010dnik mu je oko 5 mm. Mokra\u0107ovod spada u grupu delova mokra\u0107nih puteva koji imaju isklju\u010divo konduktornu ulogu, \u0161to zna\u010di da ne mogu uticati na volumen i sastav urina koji se izbacuje iz tela. Mokra\u0107ovod po\u010dinje u predelu bubre\u017ene karlice, spu\u0161ta se niz retroperitonealni prostor trbu\u0161ne duplje i ulazi u malu karlicu. U maloj karlici se zavr\u0161ava ulivanjem u mokra\u0107nu be\u0161iku. Na mokra\u0107ovodu se razlikuju trbu\u0161ni i karli\u010dni deo, a granicu izme\u0111u ovih delova \u010dini terminalna linija. Prilikom ulaska u karli\u010dnu duplju mokra\u0107ovod pravi krivinu u kojoj mo\u017ee do\u0107i do zaustavljanja bubre\u017enog kamena. Mokra\u0107ovodi prolaze kroz zid\u00a0be\u0161ike\u00a0ukoso. Prilikom rastezanja zida\u00a0mokra\u0107ne be\u0161ike, nabor njene sluznice deluje kao valvula i spre\u010dava vra\u0107anje (refluks) urina ka ureterima i \u0161irenje infekcije iz be\u0161ike prema bubrezima. Zid mokra\u0107ovoda je gra\u0111en od tri sloja, koji se nastavljaju na odgovaraju\u0107e slojeve\u00a0bubre\u017ene karlice\u00a0i\u00a0mokra\u0107ne be\u0161ike. Ti slojevi su sluznica, mi\u0161i\u0107ni sloj i spoljni vezivni sloj.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Uretra<\/h2>\n<p>Uretra, odnosno mokra\u0107na cev, je cev koja spaja mokra\u0107nu be\u0161iku sa spoljnim svetom. Kod oba pola ima funkciju u eliminaciji urina, dok kod mu\u0161karaca slu\u017ei i za odvo\u0111enje sperme. Kod \u017eena, mokra\u0107na cev duga\u010dka je izme\u0111u 3 i 5 cm i zavr\u0161ava se u vulvi izme\u0111u klitorisa i otvora vagine. Zbog vrlo kratke du\u017eine same mokra\u0107ne cevi, \u017eene su znatno podlo\u017enije infekcijama urinarnog trakta nego mu\u0161karci. Kod mu\u0161karaca mokra\u0107na cev duga\u010dka je oko 20 cm i zavr\u0161ava se na samom vrhu penisa. Unutra\u0161nji zidovi mokra\u0107ne cevi sastoje se iz mno\u0161tva spiralnih nabora koji omogu\u0107avaju brz protok urina i sperme. Zbog du\u017eine mokra\u0107ne cevi proces kateterizacije kod mu\u0161karaca znatno je te\u017ei i bolniji od onoga kod \u017eena.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Mokra\u0107na be\u0161ika<\/h2>\n<p>Mokra\u0107na be\u0161ika je neparan kesasti organ koji slu\u017ei kao privremeni rezervoar urina. Ovaj pro\u0161ireni deo mokra\u0107nih puteva sme\u0161ten je u subperitonealnom prostoru karli\u010dne duplje, ispred \u010dmarnog creva kod mu\u0161karava, odnosno materice kod \u017eena. Mokra\u0107na be\u0161ika ima oblik kru\u0161ke i sastoji se od tri dela &#8211; vrha, tela i baze. Unutra\u0161nja povr\u0161ina organa je oblo\u017eena sluzoko\u017eom, koja gradi veliki broj nestalnih nabora koji nestaju nakon punjenja be\u0161ie.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Koja je funkcija urinarnog sistema?<\/h2>\n<p>Glavna funkcija urinarnog trakta i svih organa koji \u010dine ovaj sistem je proizvodnja i eliminisanje mokra\u0107e iz tela.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","wiki-categories":[1666],"wiki-types":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Urinarni sistem - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/urinarni-sistem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Urinarni sistem - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Urinarni ili uropoezni sistem je skup organa koji u\u010destvuju u regulaciji zapremine i sastava telesnih te\u010dnosti. 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