{"id":49625,"date":"2018-05-03T07:13:15","date_gmt":"2018-05-03T07:13:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=wiki&p=49625"},"modified":"2018-05-03T07:39:15","modified_gmt":"2018-05-03T07:39:15","slug":"ureter","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/ureter\/","title":{"rendered":"Ureter"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ureter predstavlja parni cevasti organ koji sprovodi mokra\u0107u iz bubrega u mokra\u0107nu be\u0161iku. Ureter ili mokra\u0107ovod kod odraslih osoba duga\u010dak je izme\u0111u 24 i 34 cm. Pre\u010dnik ove fibrozne cev\u010dice iznosi oko 5 mm. Mokra\u0107ovod, kao i ve\u0107ina organa koji pripadaju mokra\u0107nim putevima, ima isklju\u010divo konduktorsku ulogu. To zna\u010di da ovaj organ isklju\u010divo sprovodi mokra\u0107u i nema nikakav uticaj na zapreminu i sastav urina. Po\u010detak mokra\u0107ovoda nalazi se unutar bubre\u017ene karlice, a spu\u0161ta se niz retroperiotnealni prostor koji se nalazi u trbu\u0161noj duplji i ulazi u malu karlicu. U maloj karlici se nalazi i sam zavr\u0161etak mokra\u0107ovoda, koji se uliva u mokra\u0107nu be\u0161iku. Samim tim, mokra\u0107ovod se mo\u017ee podeliti na dva razli\u010dita i fizi\u010dki razdvojena dela, i to trbu\u0161ni (pars abdominalis) i karli\u010dni deo (pars pelvina). Ova dva dela mokra\u0107ovoda podeljena su terminalnom, odnosno grani\u010dnom linijom. Na mestu gde mokra\u0107ovod ulazi u karli\u010dnu duplju obrazuje se grani\u010dna krivina. Ova krivina, na latinskom nazvana flexura marginalis ureteris, predstavlja mesto gde naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e dolazi do zaustavljanja bubre\u017enog kamena. Na mestu koje se naziva Haleova topografska ta\u010dka projektuje se krivina mokra\u0107ovoda. Kroz zid be\u0161ike mokra\u0107ovod prolazi pod uglom. Kada do\u0111e do \u0161irenja zidova mokra\u0107ne be\u0161ike, nabori koji se nalaze na njenoj sluzoko\u017ei deluju kao zalistak i spre\u010davaju refluks, odnosno vra\u0107anje urina ka ureterima. Spre\u010davanjem vra\u0107anja urina u ureter spre\u010dava se \u0161irenje infekcija iz be\u0161ike ka bubrezima.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0160ta su ureteri?<\/h2>\n

Ureteri su parni organi koji predstavljaju sastavni deo mokra\u0107nih puteva. Mehanizam stvaranja mokra\u0107e sastoji se od tri osnovna procesa – filtraciju, reapsorpciju i sekreciju. Stvaranje mokra\u0107e po\u010dinje filtracijom velike koli\u010dine te\u010dnosti kroz krvno-urinarnu membranu i njeno ulivanje u Boumaonovu kapsulu. Ovaj filtrat krvi ulazi u sistem cevi, odnosno tubula, gde se odvija proces reapsorpcije (vra\u0107anja odre\u0111enih supstanci iz tog filtrata nazad iz krvotoka). U tubulama se nakon reapsorpcije odvija i proces sekrecije, koji predstavlja transport jona i drugih supstanci uzetih iz krovotka u bubre\u017ene tubule. Kao rezultat procesa sekrecije nastaje mokra\u0107a, koja se putem mokra\u0107ovoda odvodi iz bubre\u017enih tubula u mokra\u0107nu be\u0161iku.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zid mokra\u0107ovoda izuzetno je kompleksan i sastoji se od tri razli\u010dita sloja. Ovi slojevi nastavljaju se na odgovaraju\u0107e slojeve bubre\u017ene karlice i mokra\u0107ne be\u0161ike, i to su sluznica, mi\u0161i\u0107ni sloj i adventicija, odnosno spoljni vezivni sloj. Sluznica, na latinskom tunica muscosa, predstavlja sloj prekriven prelaznim epitelom koji se naziva urotelo. Ovaj sloj nepropustan je za vodu i elektrolite. Ispod sluznice nalazi se sloj rastresitog vezivnog tkiva u kome se nalazi veliki broj \u0107elija i nekoliko limfnih \u010dvori\u0107a. MI\u0161i\u0107ni sloj, latinskog naziva tunica muscularis, predstvalja sredi\u0161nji sloj u kome se nalazi tri podsloja spiralno raspore\u0111enih snopova glatkih mi\u0161i\u0107nih \u0107elija – unutra\u0161nji, srednji i spolja\u0161nji podsloj. Pokreti ovih mi\u0161i\u0107a odgovorni su za kretanje mokra\u0107e ka be\u0161ici, dok sila gravitacije ima dosta manji uticaj na kretanje mokra\u0107e kroz mokra\u0107ne puteve. Pokreti ovog dela uretera nastaju kao posledica delovanja mi\u0161i\u0107nog prstena koji se nalazi u bubre\u017enim \u010da\u0161icama. Kontrakcijama ovog mi\u0161i\u0107nog prstena istiskuje se mora\u0107a. Ovaj mi\u0161i\u0107ni prsten naziva se predvodnih peristaltike. Spolja\u0161nji vezivni sloj predstavlja poslednji sloj zida mokra\u0107ovoda. Ovaj sloj sastoji se od rastresitog vezivnog tkiva. Ova vrsta vezivnog tkiva izgra\u0111ena je od velikog broja masnih \u0107elija, odnosno adipocita, krvnih sudova, limfnih sudova i nerava.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Koja je funkcija uretera?<\/h2>\n

Ureter je parni cevasti organ koji \u010dini sastavni deo mokra\u0107nih puteva. Kao i ve\u0107ina organa koji pripadaju mokra\u0107nim putevima, funkcija uretera je samo konduktorska. Ureter je odgovoran za prenos uobli\u010dene mokra\u0107e iz bubrega u mokra\u0107nu be\u0161iku.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","wiki-categories":[1666],"wiki-types":[],"yoast_head":"\nUreter - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/ureter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ureter - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ureter predstavlja parni cevasti organ koji sprovodi mokra\u0107u iz bubrega u mokra\u0107nu be\u0161iku. Ureter ili mokra\u0107ovod kod odraslih osoba duga\u010dak je izme\u0111u 24 i 34 cm. Pre\u010dnik ove fibrozne cev\u010dice iznosi oko 5 mm. Mokra\u0107ovod, kao i ve\u0107ina organa koji pripadaju mokra\u0107nim putevima, ima isklju\u010divo konduktorsku ulogu. 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