{"id":49607,"date":"2018-05-02T14:03:17","date_gmt":"2018-05-02T14:03:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=wiki&p=49607"},"modified":"2018-05-02T14:03:41","modified_gmt":"2018-05-02T14:03:41","slug":"reproduktivni-sistem","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/reproduktivni-sistem\/","title":{"rendered":"Reproduktivni sistem"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

Reproduktivni sistem predstavlja skup organa koji omogu\u0107avaju reprodukciju kod mu\u0161karaca i \u017eena. Reproduktivni sistem razlikuje se me\u0111u polovima. Kod mu\u0161karaca on se sastoji od penisa, prostate, testisa, semenovoda i semenika, dok se kod \u017eena sastoji od jajnika, jajovoda, materice, vagine i vulve.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0160ta je reproduktivni sistem?<\/h2>\n

Reproduktivni sistem je sistem organa koji organizmima slu\u017ei u svrhu razmno\u017eavanja. Polni sistem \u010doveka uklju\u010duje spolja\u0161nje polne organe i unutarnje polne organe.\u00a0Iako se polni sistemi odraslog mu\u0161karca i \u017eene znatno razlikuju, oboje polaze iz iste embrionalne osnove. Pol \u010doveka odre\u0111en je genetski ve\u0107 kod oplodnje.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mu\u0161ki polni sistem<\/h2>\n

Mu\u0161ki reproduktivni sistem sastoji se od semenika, pasemenika, semenovoda, semenih mehuri\u0107a, mlazni\u010dnog voda, predstojne \u017elezde, gomoljno-crevne \u017elezde i penisa. Semenici, pasemenici, semenovodi, semeni mehuri\u0107i i mlazi\u010dni vodovi spadaju u grupu parnih organa, i sme\u0161teni su u karli\u010dnoj \u0161upljini.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Testisi predstavljaju mu\u0161ke genitalne \u017elezde \u010dija je glavna funkcija stvaranje spermatozoida, odnosno spermatogeneza. Funkcija testisa tako\u0111e je usko povezana sa radom endokrinog sistema, jer se u njima od puberteta proizvodi mu\u0161ki polni hormon – testosteron. Testosteron je odgovoran za nastanak seksualnih polnih karakteristika, i njegove visoke koncentracije neophodne su za odvijanje spermatogeneze.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u017denski polni sistem<\/h2>\n

\u017denski polni sistem sastoji se iz jajnika, jajovoda, materice, vagine i vulve. Jajnici su parni \u017eenski organi \u010dija je osnovna uloga proizvodnja jajnih \u0107elija i lu\u010denje polnih hormona. Jajnici su homologni testisima, ovalnog su oblika sli\u010dnog bademu, a naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e su duga\u010dki izme\u0111u 3 i 5 a \u0161iroki izme\u0111u 1,5 i 3 cm. Sme\u0161teni su na krajevima jajovoda i nalaze se na obe strane materice. Pored proizvodnje jajnih \u0107elija, jajnici tako\u0111e imaju i endokrinu funkciju. Tokom \u017eivota \u017eene jajnici proizvode dva specifi\u010dna steroidna hormona – estrogen i progesteron. Estrogen se lu\u010di tokom celog \u017eivota \u017eene, dok se progesteron lu\u010di u drugoj fazi menstrualnog ciklusa i u toku trudno\u0107e.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Jajovodi su mi\u0161i\u0107no sluzoko\u017eni parni organi cevastog oblika, duga\u010dki izme\u0111u 14 i 16 cm. Povezani su sa gornjim delom materice i sme\u0161teni su na njena oba kraja. Slu\u017ee kao tuneli kojima se jajne \u0107elija iz jajnika dopremaju do materice. Kroz jajovode se tako\u0111e kre\u0107u i spermatozoidi, jer se oplodnja jajne \u0107elije de\u0161ava unutar jajovoda. Ovulacijom iz de Grafovog folikula zrela jajna \u0107elija dospeva u jajovod, gde se susre\u0107e sa spermatozoidima. Kada se spolja\u0161nja opna jajne \u0107elija probije i spermatozoid u\u0111e u nju, dolazi do zgru\u0161njavanja opne \u010dime se spre\u010dava ulazak drugih spermatozoida u nju. Oplo\u0111ena jajna \u0107elija dospeva u unutra\u0161njost materice pod dejstvom pokreta jajovoda i vodene struje koja prolazi kroz njih, i tada dolazi do implantacije oplo\u0111enog jaja\u0161ceta.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Materica je reproduktivni organ \u017eene \u010dija je svrha prihvatanje i odr\u017eavanje razvoja ploda u toku trudno\u0107e. Sme\u0161tena je izme\u0111u mokra\u0107ne be\u0161ike i zadnjeg dela debelog creva, a duga\u010dka je izme\u0111u 7 i 8 cm. Vagina ili rodnica je unutra\u0161nji polni organ \u017eene. U obliku je cevi i vodi do grli\u0107a materice, odnosno cerviksa. Ima elasti\u010dne zidove pune nabora koji joj omogu\u0107avaju da se \u0161iri i prilago\u0111ava prolasku deteta za vreme poro\u0111aja. Vulva, odnosno stidnica, predstavlja spoljni deo \u017eenskih polnih organa.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Koja je funkcija reproduktivnog sistema?<\/h2>\n

Reproduktivni sistem je sistem organa koji organizmima slu\u017ei u svrhu razmno\u017eavanja. Mu\u0161ki polni sistem proizvodi spermatozoide, dok \u017eenski proizvodi jajne \u0107elije.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","wiki-categories":[1666],"wiki-types":[],"yoast_head":"\nReproduktivni sistem - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/anatomija\/reproduktivni-sistem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Reproduktivni sistem - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"  Reproduktivni sistem predstavlja skup organa koji omogu\u0107avaju reprodukciju kod mu\u0161karaca i \u017eena. Reproduktivni sistem razlikuje se me\u0111u polovima. 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