{"id":37159,"date":"2017-02-17T14:57:58","date_gmt":"2017-02-17T14:57:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitas.local\/diseases\/rak-testisa\/"},"modified":"2017-11-09T12:46:37","modified_gmt":"2017-11-09T12:46:37","slug":"rak-testisa","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/diseases\/rak-testisa\/","title":{"rendered":"Rak testisa"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>Definicija<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Rak testisa predstavlja maligne kancerogene tumore koji se javljaju na testisima, mu\u0161kim genitalnim \u017elezdama koje su sme\u0161tene u skrotumu (ko\u017enoj kesi koja se nalazi u produ\u017eetku stomaka izme\u0111u penisa i anusa). Testisi proizvode mu\u0161ke seksualne hormone i spermu.<\/p>\n<p>Iako se \u010desto poredi sa drugim oblicima karcinoma, rak testisa je vrlo retko oboljenje. Javlja se kod mu\u0161karaca izme\u0111u 15 i 50 godina starosti.<\/p>\n<p>Naj\u010de\u0161\u0107i simptomi kojima se manifestuje rak testisa su pojava bezbolne izrasline ili \u010dvori\u0107a u testisima i ose\u0107aj te\u017eine u mo\u0161nicama.<\/p>\n<p>Na\u010din na koji \u0107e se le\u010diti rak testisa zavisi od vrste karcinoma kao i njegovog stadijuma. Celokupno zdravstveno stanje pacijenta tako\u0111e igra bitnu ulogu u odre\u0111ivanju na\u010dina kojim \u0107e se le\u010diti rak testisa. Redovno pregledanje testisa se smatra najboljim na\u010dinom prevencije, jer se na taj na\u010din mogu uvideti sve izrasline ili anomalije dok su jo\u0161 u ranom stadijumu, \u0161to zna\u010dno ozna\u010dava njihovo le\u010denje.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Simptomi<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Rak testisa se uglavnom javlja samo na jednom testisu. Neki od simptoma i znakova koji ukazuju na mogu\u0107nost raka testisa su:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pojava \u010dvori\u0107a, grudvice ili izrasline u jednom od testisa<\/li>\n<li>Bol i neprijatan ose\u0107aj u testisu ili skrotumu<\/li>\n<li>Ose\u0107aj te\u017eine u skrotumu<\/li>\n<li>Tup bol u donjem delu abdomena ili preponama<\/li>\n<li>Akumulacija te\u010dnosti u skrotumu<\/li>\n<li>Osetljivost u grudima<\/li>\n<li>Bol u le\u0111ima<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Uzroci<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Jo\u0161 uvek nije poznatno \u0161ta ta\u010dno uzrokuje rak testisa. Kao i sve vrste karcinoma, rak testisa nastaje kada do\u0111e do mutacije DNK na \u0107elijama u testisa. Ova mutacija omogu\u0107ava nekontrolisano umno\u017eavanje i rast \u0107elija, i spre\u010dava njihovo normalno odumiranje i raspadanje. Akumulacija ovih abnormalnih \u0107elija dovodi do pojave tumora u testisu.<\/p>\n<p>Skoro svi slu\u010dajevi raka testisa nastaju u \u0107elijama koje proizvode nezrelu spermu. Iako je mehanizam nastanka kancerogenih \u0107elija poznat, jo\u0161 uvek se ne zna \u0161ta uzrokuje mutacije koje izazivaju rak.<\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Faktori rizika<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Faktori koji pove\u0107avaju rizik od nastanka raka testisa su:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Istorija raka testisa u porodici<\/li>\n<li>Bolesti koje izazivaju abnormalnosti u razvoju testisa (Klinefelterov sindrom)<\/li>\n<li>Testis koji se nije spustio od ro\u0111enja<\/li>\n<li>Rasa \u2013 belci su podlo\u017eniji raku testisa od drugih rasa<\/li>\n<li>Starost \u2013 naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e se javlja kod mu\u0161karaca izme\u0111u 15. i 35.godine starosti<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Le\u010denje<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Le\u010denje raka testisa zavisi od vrste raka kao stadijuma u kom se nalazi. Celokupno zdravstevno stanje pacijenta tako\u0111e igra veliku ulogu u odre\u0111ivanju vrste terapije kojom \u0107e se le\u010diti rak.<\/p>\n<p>Rak testisa se mo\u017ee le\u010diti hirur\u0161kim ili nehirur\u0161kim putem. Le\u010denje raka hirur\u0161kim putem podrazumeva slede\u0107e dve operacije:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Radikalna inguinalna orhiektomija: hirur\u0161ka procedura kojom se odstranjuje ceo testis koji je zahva\u0107en rakom<\/li>\n<li>Retroperionealna disercija limfnih \u010dvorova: hirur\u0161ka procedura kojom se uklanjaju limfni \u010dvorovi u blizini podru\u010dja zahva\u0107enog rakom<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ukoliko se rak testisa otkrije u ranom stadijumu, mo\u017ee se uspe\u0161no izle\u010diti operacijom bez potrebe da dodatnim le\u010denjem ili terapijom. Me\u0111utim, ako je rak metastazirao ili ima pove\u0107an rizik od rekurencije, pored operacije koriste se i slede\u0107e metode le\u010denja:<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Terapija radijacijom \u2013 koncentrovani rendgenski zraci se koriste za uni\u0161tavanje \u0107elija tumora. Ova metoda se uglavnom koristi kod seminalnog raka testisa, i mo\u017ee izazvati neplodnost.<\/li>\n<li>Hemoterapija \u2013 intravenozna upotreba antikancerogenih lekova koja se preporu\u010duje pre i posle operacije uklanjanja limfnih \u010dvorova. \u010cesto lo\u0161e uti\u010de na stanje pacijenta i izaziva gubitak kose, infekcije i neplodnost.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Prevencija<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Rak testisa se ne mo\u017ee spre\u010diti, ali se mogu preduzeti odre\u0111ene mere kojima se umanjuje \u0161ansa od metastaziranja. Preporu\u010duje se redovno pregledavanje testisa kao i obavezno savetovanje sa lekarom ukoliko se uo\u010de anomalije na testisima.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Rak testisa - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/diseases\/rak-testisa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rak testisa - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Definicija Rak testisa predstavlja maligne kancerogene tumore koji se javljaju na testisima, mu\u0161kim genitalnim \u017elezdama koje su sme\u0161tene u skrotumu (ko\u017enoj kesi koja se nalazi u produ\u017eetku stomaka izme\u0111u penisa i anusa). 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Testisi proizvode mu\u0161ke seksualne hormone i spermu. Iako se \u010desto poredi sa drugim oblicima karcinoma, rak testisa je vrlo retko oboljenje. 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