{"id":37094,"date":"2017-02-17T10:44:35","date_gmt":"2017-02-17T10:44:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitas.local\/diseases\/infertilitet\/"},"modified":"2017-11-07T16:39:03","modified_gmt":"2017-11-07T16:39:03","slug":"infertilitet","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/diseases\/infertilitet\/","title":{"rendered":"Infertilitet"},"content":{"rendered":"

Infertilitet se defini\u0161e kao nesposobnost para da nakon 12 meseci redovnih seksualnih odnosa bez za\u0161tite ostvari potomstvo. Infertilitet se mo\u017ee javiti i kod mu\u0161karaca i kod \u017eena, i nastaje kao posledica kombinacije mno\u0161tvo razli\u010ditih ginekolo\u0161kih i urolo\u0161kih faktora.<\/p>\n

Nemogu\u0107nost ostvarivanja potomstva jednako je \u010desta i kod mu\u0161karaca i kod \u017eena, i uglavnom je u pitanju infertilitet jednog od partnera. Postoje i slu\u010dajevi u kojima se javlja infertilitet, odnosno sterilitet oba partnera. Ovi slu\u010dajevi se najre\u0111e javljaju, ali predstavljaju ogroman izazov lekarima zbog priustva mno\u0161tvo faktora kod oba partnera koji onemogu\u0107uju potomstvo.<\/p>\n

Sre\u0107om, razvojem novih tehnologija i metoda le\u010denja danas postoji mno\u0161tvo razli\u010ditih efektivnih i bezbezdnih na\u010dina da se le\u010di neplodnost kod oba partnera.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Do trudno\u0107e obi\u010dno dolazi u toku prvih \u0161est meseci\u00a0 od kada se par odlu\u010di za za\u010de\u0107e. Kod najve\u0107eg broja parova do za\u010de\u0107a do\u0111e u toku prvih 12 ili 18 meseci od po\u010detka poku\u0161avanja. Veliki broj parova za koje se smatra da pate od infertiliteta uspe da do\u0111e do za\u010de\u0107a bez intenzivnog tretmana.<\/p>\n

Kako se infertilitet defini\u0161e samo nemogu\u0107no\u0161\u0107u ostvarivanja potomstva, to predstavlja i primarni dijagnosti\u010dni metod odre\u0111ivanja ovog stanja. Kod infertiliteta jednog ili oba partnera uglavnom nema pojave drugih simptoma.<\/p>\n

Postoje slu\u010dajevi infertiliteta kod \u017eena koji imaju i druge simtome. Kod neplodnih \u017eena \u010desto dolazi do poreme\u0107aja menstrualnog ciklusa, neredovnih menstruacija pa \u010dak i potpunog izostanka menstruacije i ovulacije.<\/p>\n

Ukoliko se kod mu\u0161karaca jave simptomi, to su obi\u010dno problemi sa hormonima. Neki\u00a0 od tih simptoma mogu biti usporen rast kose, smanjen libido, erektilna disfunkcija, nemogu\u0107nost ejakulacije, mala koli\u010dina ejakulata, mali testisti ili oticanje skrotuma.<\/p>\n

Ukoliko par ne uspe da ostvari potomstvo du\u017ee od 12 meseci, neophodno je obratiti se lekaru. \u017denama se preporu\u010duje ginekolo\u0161ki pregled kojim \u0107e se utvrditi da li postoji infertilitet ukoliko:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Su starije od 40 godina<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Imaju neredovne menstruacije<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Im potpuno izostaju menstruacije<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Im je dijagnozirana endometrioza<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Im je dijagnozirana upalna bolest karlice<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Su imale vi\u0161e od jednog poba\u010daja<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Su primale terapiju protiv karcinoma<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mu\u0161karcima se preporu\u010duje lekarski pregled kojim \u0107e se utvrditi da li postoji infertilitet ukoliko:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Imaju nizak broj spermatozoida<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Imaju smanjenu koli\u010dinu ejakulata<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Imaju ote\u010den skrotum<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Su imali vazektomiju<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Su imali operaciju na preponama<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Su primali terapiju protiv karcinoma<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Uzroci<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Problemi sa plodno\u0161\u0107u mogu biti rezultat nekog kongenitalnog oboljenja, ili nastati kao posledica akutnih ili hroni\u010dnih zdravstvenih problema ili oboljenja. Da bi do\u0161lo do za\u010de\u0107a neophodno je da reproduktivni sistem mu\u0161karca i reproduktivni sistem \u017eene savr\u0161eno rade. Spermatozoidi moraju biti potentni a ovulacija redovna kako bi se osiguralno efektivno i sigurno za\u010de\u0107e.<\/p>\n

Infertilitet se mo\u017ee javiti samo kod mu\u0161karca ili samo kod \u017eene, kao i kod oba partnera istovremeno.<\/p>\n

Uzroci infertiliteta kod mu\u0161karaca mogu biti:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Abnormalna produkcija ili funkcionisanje sperme \u2013 uglavnom nastaje kao posledica genetskih defekta, nedovoljno spu\u0161tenih testisa, dijabetesa, povrede, operacije na preponama, zau\u0161ka, itd.<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Problemi sa proizvodnjom sperme \u2013 uglavnom nastaju kao posledica seksualnih problema poput prerane ejakulacije ili retrogradne ejakulacije, kao i genetskih oboljenja poput cisti\u010dne fibroze, strukturalnih problema poput epididimusa\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 ili povrede reproduktivnih organa<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Izlo\u017eenost odre\u0111enim hemikalijama i toksinima \u2013 uglavnom su to pesticidi, radijacija, duvanski dim, alkohol, marihuana, steroidi kao i pre\u010desto izlaganje vru\u0107ini u saunama i djakuzi kadama<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O\u0161te\u0107enja nastala hemoterapijom ili radijacijom<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Uzroci infertiliteta kod \u017eena mogu biti:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Poreme\u0107ena ovulacija \u2013 to mo\u017ee biti posledica sindroma policisti\u010dnih jajnika i hiperprolaktinemija, kao i preteranog ve\u017ebanja, poreme\u0107aja u ishrani, povreda i tumora koji onemogu\u0107avaju ispu\u0161tanje jajnih \u0107elija iz janika<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Defekti ili abnormalnosti na materici i cerviksu \u2013 nedovoljna otvorenost cerviksa, poreme\u0107en oblik materice, pojava benignih tumora koji dovode do menjanja oblika cerviksa ili materice<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O\u0161te\u0107enje ili blokada u jajovodu \u2013 uglavnom nastaje kao posledica upale jajovoda izazvane seksualno prenosivim infekcijama, endometriozom ili adherzijama<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pojava adhezija na karlici<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Endometrioza<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prerani ulazak u menopauzu<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Problemi sa \u0161titnom \u017elezdom<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Odre\u0111ene vrste karcinoma<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Terapija karcinoma<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dijabetes<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bolesti bubrega<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bolest srpastih \u0107elija<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Upotreba odre\u0111enih lekova<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Faktori rizika<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Faktori koji mogu pove\u0107ati rizik od infertiliteta i kod mu\u0161karaca i kod \u017eena su:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Starost \u2013 plodnost kod oba pola po\u010dinje da opada sa godinama. Kod \u017eena je to posle 30.godine, a kod mu\u0161karaca nakon 40.godine<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Konzumiranje i zloupotreba alkohola<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pu\u0161enje<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gojaznost<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Poreme\u0107aji u ishrani \u2013 anoreksija ili bulimija<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Veoma restriktivna dijeta<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nedovoljno fizi\u010dke aktivnosti<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Preterana koli\u010dina fizi\u010dke aktivnosti<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Prevencija<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Neki slu\u010dajevi infertiliteta se ne mogu spre\u010diti. Me\u0111utim, primenjivanjem nekih od slede\u0107ih mera znatno se mo\u017ee pove\u0107ati \u0161ansu za za\u010de\u0107em:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Redovni seksualni odnosi u periodu ovulacije<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Izbegavanje pu\u0161enja i konzumiranja alkohola<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Izbegavanje izlaganja visokim temperaturama kod mu\u0161karaca<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Izbegavanje izlaganja hemikalijama ili toksinima<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Odr\u017eavanje normalne telesne te\u017eine<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zdrava izbalansirana ishrana<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Izbegavanje velikih koli\u010dina kofeina<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"\nInfertilitet - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/diseases\/infertilitet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Infertilitet - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Infertilitet se defini\u0161e kao nesposobnost para da nakon 12 meseci redovnih seksualnih odnosa bez za\u0161tite ostvari potomstvo. Infertilitet se mo\u017ee javiti i kod mu\u0161karaca i kod \u017eena, i nastaje kao posledica kombinacije mno\u0161tvo razli\u010ditih ginekolo\u0161kih i urolo\u0161kih faktora. 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