{"id":37015,"date":"2017-02-16T14:07:34","date_gmt":"2017-02-16T14:07:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitas.local\/diseases\/anemija-srpastih-celija\/"},"modified":"2017-11-06T11:44:46","modified_gmt":"2017-11-06T11:44:46","slug":"anemija-srpastih-celija","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/diseases\/anemija-srpastih-celija\/","title":{"rendered":"Anemija srpastih \u0107elija"},"content":{"rendered":"

Anemija srpastih \u0107elija je te\u0161ko nasledno oboljenje krvi kod koga se crvena krvna zrnca, koja prenose kiseonik putem krvi kroz telo, abnormalno razvijaju.<\/p>\n

Ovaj poreme\u0107aj obi\u010dno se javlja kod osoba koje poti\u010du sa afri\u010dkog, karipskog podru\u010dja, sa Srednjeg istoka, isto\u010dnog Mediterana i iz Azije.<\/p>\n

Normalna crvena krvna zrnca su fleksibilna i oblika diska, ali kod poreme\u0107aja srpaste anemije ona postaju kruta i poprimaju oblik polumeseca (ili srpa). Srpaste \u0107elije sadr\u017ee o\u0161te\u0107eni hemoglobin, protein bogat gvo\u017e\u0111em koji omogu\u0107ava crvenim krvim zrncima da prenose kiseonik iz plu\u0107a u ostale delove tela.<\/p>\n

Abnormalne \u0107elije tako\u0111e ne mogu tako brzo da se kre\u0107u kroz krv kao \u0107elije normalnog oblika, pa dolazi do blokade krvnih sudova, \u0161to opet rezultira o\u0161te\u0107enjem tkiva i organa i bolnih napada. Te epizode bolnih napada poznate su kao krize srpaste anemije ili vazo-okluzivne krize. One mogu da traju od nekoliko minuta do nekoliko meseci, iako u proseku traju od pet do sedam dana.<\/p>\n

Abnormalne krvne \u0107elije tako\u0111e imaju kra\u0107i \u017eivotni vek od normalnih i ne zamenjuju se tako brzo kao normalne \u0107elije. To dovodi do nedostatka crveniih krvnih zrnaca, poznatog kao anemija.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomi<\/h2>\n

Simptomi svih oblika anemije obuhvataju letargiju (nedostatak energije), umor, nedostatak daha, posebno nakon ve\u017ebi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Uzroci<\/h2>\n

Anemija srpastih \u0107elija izazvana je mutacijom gena koji daje instrukcije telu da stvara hemoglobin.<\/p>\n

Gen srpastih \u0107elija se nasle\u0111uje. Kako bi osoba dobila anemiju srpastih \u0107eija, ona mora da nasledi defektni gen od oba roditelja. Ukoliko je gen nasle\u0111en samo od jednog roditelja, on se naziva trag sprastih \u0107elija. Tada je vrlo verovatno da \u0107e osoba u krvi sadr\u017eati mali broj srpastih \u0107elija, ali \u0107e telo biti u mogu\u0107nosti da pravilno proizvodi hemoglobin i ne\u0107e do\u0107i do pojave uobi\u010dajenih simptoma. Osoba \u0107e biti nosilac defektnog gena i mo\u017ee ga preneti na svoju decu.<\/p>\n

Ukoliko osobe sa tragom srpastih \u0107elija imaju dete, postoje \u0161anse jedan prema \u010detiri da se dete rodi sa anemijom srpastih \u0107elija.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Faktori rizika<\/h2>\n

Rizik od dobijanja anemije srpastih \u0107elija jeste genetski faktor. Da bi se beba rodila sa ovom bole\u0161\u0107u potrebno je da oba roditelja imaju gen srpastih \u0107elija.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Komplikacije<\/h2>\n

Me\u0111u mogu\u0107e komplikacije ubrajaju se:<\/p>\n

pove\u0107ana podlo\u017enost infekcijama<\/p>\n

\u0161log \u2013 kada je prekinut dotok krvi u jedan deo mozga<\/p>\n

akutni plu\u0107ni sindrom, kada plu\u0107a iznenada izgube sposobnost da prime kiseonik (obi\u010dno se javlja kao rezultat infekcije)<\/p>\n

plu\u0107na hipertenzija, kada krvni pritisak unutar krvnih sudova koji povezuju srce i plu\u0107a postane opasno visok<\/p>\n

Me\u0111utim, primenom unapre\u0111enih mera preventivnog le\u010denja, mnoge od komplikacija vezanih za anemiju srpastih \u0107elija mogu biti izbegnute.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Prevencija<\/h2>\n

Budu\u0107i da je bolest nasledna, anemija srpastih \u0107elija se ne mo\u017ee spre\u010diti. Ukoliko se osoba rodi sa ovim oboljenjem, trebalo bi preduzeti sve mere za smanjenje pojave komplikacija. Osobe kod kojih postoji visok rizik da \u0107e im dete oboleti od anemije srpastih \u0107elija, trebalo bi da razmisle o genetskom savetovanju.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"\nAnemija srpastih \u0107elija - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/diseases\/anemija-srpastih-celija\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Anemija srpastih \u0107elija - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Anemija srpastih \u0107elija je te\u0161ko nasledno oboljenje krvi kod koga se crvena krvna zrnca, koja prenose kiseonik putem krvi kroz telo, abnormalno razvijaju. 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