{"id":62724,"date":"2020-06-10T09:53:53","date_gmt":"2020-06-10T09:53:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=disease&#038;p=62724"},"modified":"2020-10-28T14:03:05","modified_gmt":"2020-10-28T14:03:05","slug":"rak-jezika","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/rak-jezika\/","title":{"rendered":"Rak jezika"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Rak jezika je vrsta raka ustnega ustja, ki se tvori na sprednjih dveh tretjinah jezika. Rak, ki se tvori na tretjini jezika na zadnji strani, velja za vrsto raka glave in vratu.<\/p>\n<p>Rak jezika se obi\u010dajno razvije v skvamoznih celicah, tankih, ravnih celicah, ki pokrivajo povr\u0161ino jezika.<\/p>\n<h2>Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Simptomi raka na jeziku so zelo podobni simptomom drugih vrst ustnega raka. To so pogosto se prehlad, ki ne mine, ali trdovratna bole\u010dina v ustih. Drugi simptomi in znaki raka na jeziku so lahko:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Stalna bole\u010dina v jeziku in \/ ali \u010deljusti<\/li>\n<li>V notranjosti ust se pojavi gruda ali zgostitev<\/li>\n<li>Bela ali rde\u010da obloga na dlesni, jeziku, tonzilah ali sluznici ust<\/li>\n<li>Vneto grlo ali ob\u010dutek, da se je v grlu nekaj ujelo, ki ne mine<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eave pri po\u017eiranju ali \u017eve\u010denju<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eave s premikanjem \u010deljusti ali jezika<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>Rak ust nastane, ko celice na ustnicah ali v ustih razvijejo spremembe (mutacije) v svoji DNK. Te mutacije omogo\u010dajo, da rakave celice rastejo in se delijo medtem ko zdrave celice odmirajo. Koli\u010dine rakavih celic v ustih lahko tvorijo tumor. S\u010dasoma se lahko raz\u0161irijo tudi na druga podro\u010dja ust in na druga podro\u010dja glave in vratu ali druge dele telesa.<\/p>\n<p>Ni jasno, kaj povzro\u010da mutacije v skvamoznih celicah, ki vodijo do raka ust. Toda zdravniki so ugotovili dejavnike, ki lahko pove\u010dajo tveganje za nastanek raka na ustih.<\/p>\n<p>Sledijo vrste raka ust, splo\u0161en izraz, ki velja za raka, ki se pojavljajo na ustnicah in po celotnih ustih. Bolj specifi\u010dni izrazi za te vrste raka vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rak, ki prizadene notranji del lic (rak sluznice)<\/li>\n<li>Rak dna oziroma spodnjega dela ust<\/li>\n<li>Rak dlesni<\/li>\n<li>Rak ustnic<\/li>\n<li>Rak ustnega neba (trdo nebo)<\/li>\n<li>Rak \u017elez slinavk<\/li>\n<li>Rak jezika<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Dejavniki, ki lahko pove\u010dajo tveganje za raka ust, vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mo\u010dna uporaba alkohola<\/li>\n<li>Uporaba tobaka katere koli vrste, vklju\u010dno s cigaretami, cigarami, pipami in \u017eve\u010denjem tobaka in \u017eve\u010denjem drugih snovi<\/li>\n<li>Prekomerna izpostavljenost ustnic<\/li>\n<li>Spolno prenosljiv virus, imenovan humani papiloma virus (HPV)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>Ustni zapleti zdravljenja raka nastanejo v razli\u010dnih oblikah in stopnjah resnosti, odvisno od posameznika in zdravljenja raka. Peroralni zapleti, ki so skupni tako kemoterapiji kot sevanju, vklju\u010dujejo ustni mukozitis, oku\u017ebo, kserostomijo \/ disfunkcijo \u017elez slinavk, funkcionalne motnje, spremembe okusa, prehranske te\u017eave, nenormalni razvoj zob.<\/p>\n<h2>Prepre\u010devanje<\/h2>\n<p>S temi ukrepi lahko aktivno sodelujete pri prepre\u010devanju raka ust ali pri zgodnjem odkrivanju raka ust:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zob vedno \u0161\u010detkajte in nitkajte.<\/li>\n<li>Ne kadite (ali \u017eve\u010dite) nobenih toba\u010dnih izdelkov.<\/li>\n<li>Alkohol pijte zmerno.<\/li>\n<li>Omejite izpostavljanje soncu.<\/li>\n<li>Redno telovadite.<\/li>\n<li>V prehrani izberite \u017eivila, ki se borijo proti raku.<\/li>\n<li>Na\u010din pripravljanja teh \u017eivil oziroma na\u010din pripravljanja jedi je tudi pomembno pri prepre\u010devanju raka.<\/li>\n<li>Redno se posvetujte z zobozdravnikom ali zobnim higienikom.<\/li>\n<li>Vsaj enkrat mese\u010dno opravite samopregled.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Rak jezika - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/rak-jezika\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rak jezika - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rak jezika je vrsta raka ustnega ustja, ki se tvori na sprednjih dveh tretjinah jezika. 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Rak, ki se tvori na tretjini jezika na zadnji strani, velja za vrsto raka glave in vratu. Rak jezika se obi\u010dajno razvije v skvamoznih celicah, tankih, ravnih celicah, ki pokrivajo povr\u0161ino jezika. 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