{"id":62635,"date":"2020-06-09T08:06:22","date_gmt":"2020-06-09T08:06:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=disease&#038;p=62635"},"modified":"2020-10-29T10:56:25","modified_gmt":"2020-10-29T10:56:25","slug":"sarkom","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/sarkom\/","title":{"rendered":"Sarkom"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sarkom je redek rak, ki je tudi precej vsestranski glede na to, kje se primarno razvija. Sarkom je druga\u010den od drugih vrst raka, saj se razvije v vezivnem tkivu. Glede na to, da je to tkivo v telesu, se lahko sarkom razvije na mnogih delih telesa: v kosteh, \u017eivcih, mi\u0161icah, hrustancu, tetivah, ma\u0161\u010dobnih tkivih ali krvnih \u017eilah.<\/p>\n<p>Obstaja pribli\u017eno 100 vrst sarkoma, razdeljenih v dve glavni skupini:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sarkomi mehkih tkiv<\/li>\n<li>Kostni sarkom<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sarkomi mehkih tkiv so pogostej\u0161i. Nadalje se delijo glede na lokacijo raka in so lahko:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>leiomiosarkom &#8211; prizadene mi\u0161i\u010dno tkivo<\/li>\n<li>liposarkom &#8211; vpliva na ma\u0161\u010dobno tkivo<\/li>\n<li>angiosarkom &#8211; prizadene krvne ali limfne \u017eile<\/li>\n<li>stromalni tumorji prebavil &#8211; prizadenejo organe prebavnega sistema<\/li>\n<li>rabdomiosarkom &#8211; prizadene mi\u0161ice in vezivno tkivo<\/li>\n<li>Kaposijev sarkom &#8211; vpliva na ko\u017eo<\/li>\n<li>sinovialni sarkom<\/li>\n<li>maligni tumor perifernega \u017eivca<\/li>\n<li>nediferenciran pleomorfni sarkom<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kostni sarkomi so razdeljeni na: Ewingov sarkom, hondrosarkom, akordom in osteosarkom.<\/p>\n<p>Sarkom lahko vpliva tudi na \u017eenski reproduktivni sistem, ki ga imenujemo ginekolo\u0161ki sarkomi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Simptomi sarkoma se razlikujejo glede na lokacijo vrste sarkoma. Na splo\u0161no se simptomi pojavijo okoli prizadetega obmo\u010dja. Simptomi so:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>bole\u010dine v trebuhu<\/li>\n<li>zaprtje ali polnost<\/li>\n<li>ka\u0161elj<\/li>\n<li>zadihanost<\/li>\n<li>grudica pod ko\u017eo, ki lahko postane ve\u010dja<\/li>\n<li>bole\u010dine v prizadeti kosti<\/li>\n<li>oteklina na prizadetem obmo\u010dju<\/li>\n<li>\u0161epati<\/li>\n<li>izguba te\u017ee<\/li>\n<li>krvne blato<\/li>\n<li>anemija<\/li>\n<li>te\u017eka obdobja ali krvavitve med obdobji (za ginekolo\u0161ki sarkom)<\/li>\n<li>vaginalna krvavitev po menopavzi<\/li>\n<li>vaginalni krvavi izcedek<\/li>\n<li>kepica na vulvi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>Vzrok sarkomov ni natan\u010dno znan. Rak se razvije, ko se celice nenadzorovano razmno\u017eujejo, namesto da bi od svojega nastanka do smrti prestale obi\u010dajni cikel. Te celice tvorijo tumorje.<\/p>\n<p>Znano je, da ena vrsta sarkoma mehkih tkiv, Kaposijev sarkom povzro\u010da virus, humani herpes virus tipa 8 (HHV-8), ki oku\u017ei bolnike s HIV.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Dejavniki tveganja za nastanek sarkoma so:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Starost &#8211; \u010deprav se sarkom lahko pojavi v kateri koli starosti, sarkomi mehkih tkiv prizadenejo starej\u0161e ljudi<\/li>\n<li>Pagetova bolezen<\/li>\n<li>Genska motnja<\/li>\n<li>Genetski dejavniki &#8211; \u010de je nekdo v dru\u017eini imel sarkom<\/li>\n<li>Prej\u0161nja izpostavljenost sevanju<\/li>\n<li>Izpostavljenost kemikalijam<\/li>\n<li>Prej\u0161nja radioterapija<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sarkom - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/sarkom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sarkom - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sarkom je redek rak, ki je tudi precej vsestranski glede na to, kje se primarno razvija. 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Sarkom je druga\u010den od drugih vrst raka, saj se razvije v vezivnem tkivu. 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