{"id":62577,"date":"2020-06-08T07:38:18","date_gmt":"2020-06-08T07:38:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=disease&#038;p=62577"},"modified":"2020-11-03T10:19:32","modified_gmt":"2020-11-03T10:19:32","slug":"feokromocitom","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/feokromocitom\/","title":{"rendered":"Feokromocitom"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Opredelitev<\/h2>\n<p>Fenokromocitom je redek, ponavadi nerakav (benigni) tumor tkiva nadledvi\u010dne \u017eleze. Vsak posameznik ima dve nadledvi\u010dni \u017elezi, po eno nad vsako ledvico. Nadledvi\u010dne \u017eleze proizvajajo hormone, ki dajejo navodila skoraj vsem organom in tkivom v telesu. Feokromocitom je tisto, kar nastane, ko \u017eleze sprostijo preve\u010d epinefrina in norepinefrina, hormonov, ki nadzorujejo sr\u010dni utrip, metabolizem in krvni tlak. Ve\u010dina posameznikov s feokromocitomom je starih med 20 in 50 let; vendar se lahko tumor razvije v kateri koli starosti.<\/p>\n<p>\u010ce ne zdravimo, lahko feokromocitom povzro\u010di hude ali smrtno nevarne po\u0161kodbe drugih telesnih sistemov, zlasti sr\u010dno-\u017eilnega sistema. Priporo\u010dljivo je kirur\u0161ko zdravljenje, da odstranite feokromocitom in vrnete raven krvnega tlaka v normalno stanje.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Znaki in simptomi feokromocitomov pogosto vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Visok krvni pritisk<\/li>\n<li>Bole\u010dina v prsnem ko\u0161u<\/li>\n<li>Hiter sr\u010dni utrip<\/li>\n<li>Potenje<\/li>\n<li>Puhajo\u010d glavobol<\/li>\n<li>Bledica v obrazu<\/li>\n<li>Zasoplost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Manj pogosti znaki ali simptomi lahko vklju\u010dujejo naslednje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Razdra\u017eljivost<\/li>\n<li>Bole\u010dine v trebuhu<\/li>\n<li>Zaprtje<\/li>\n<li>Izguba te\u017ee<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ti znaki in simptomi se pogosto pojavljajo v kratkih urokih od 15 do 20 minut. Uroki se lahko zgodijo ve\u010dkrat na dan ali manj pogosto. Dejavniki, ki lahko spro\u017eijo simptomatske uroke, vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prekomerna uporaba mi\u0161ic med ekstremno fizi\u010dno vadbo \/ aktivnostjo<\/li>\n<li>Anksioznost ali stres<\/li>\n<li>Spremembe polo\u017eaja telesa<\/li>\n<li>Porod<\/li>\n<li>\u017divila z veliko tiramina (nekateri siri, suho ali prekajeno meso, avokado, banane, kisle ribe, fava fi\u017eol in drugo)<\/li>\n<li>Nekatera zdravila (dekongestivi, zaviralci monoamin oksidaze (MAOI), stimulansi, kot so amfetamini ali kokain)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>\u010ceprav natan\u010den vzrok za razvoj feokromocitoma ostaja nejasen, je znano, da se en sam tumor obi\u010dajno razvije v specializiranih celicah (krommafinske celice), ki se nahajajo v sredi\u0161\u010du ene ali obeh nadledvi\u010dnih \u017elez. Te celice proizvajajo in spro\u0161\u010dajo nekatere hormone, predvsem adrenalin (epinefrin) in noradrenalin (norepinefrin), ki se uporabljajo za spro\u017eitev odziva telesa na zaznano gro\u017enjo. Kadar pa pride do nepravilnega ali prekomernega spro\u0161\u010danja teh hormonov, nastanejo visoki nivoji krvnega tlaka in hitrej\u0161i sr\u010dni utrip. To je znano kot feokromocitom.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Dejavnike, ki pove\u010dujejo tveganje za nastanek feokromocitoma, lahko opazimo pri posameznikih z redkimi dednimi motnjami in tumorji, povezanimi s temi motnjami. Ti genetski pogoji vklju\u010dujejo naslednje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ve\u010dkratna endokrina neoplazija tipa II (MEN II): motnja, ki povzro\u010di tumorje v ve\u010d kot enem delu telesnega sistema, ki proizvaja hormone (endokrino).<\/li>\n<li>Bolezen Von Hippel-Lindau: bolezen, ki lahko povzro\u010di tumorje na ve\u010d mestih, vklju\u010dno s centralnim \u017eiv\u010dnim sistemom, endokrinim sistemom, trebu\u0161no slinavko in ledvicami.<\/li>\n<li>Nevrofibromatoza 1 (NF1): dedna nevrolo\u0161ka motnja, ki ima za posledico ve\u010d tumorjev na ko\u017ei (nevrofibromi), pigmentirane ko\u017ene lise in tumorje vidnega \u017eivca.<\/li>\n<li>Dedni paragangliomni sindromi: skupina podedovanih motenj, ki povzro\u010dajo bodisi feokromocitome bodisi paragangliome.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>Feokromocitom povzro\u010di povi\u0161ano raven krvnega tlaka pri posamezniku. Povi\u0161an krvni tlak lahko po\u0161koduje ve\u010d organov, zlasti tkiv sr\u010dno-\u017eilnega sistema, mo\u017eganov in ledvic. \u010ce se ne zdravi, lahko nastanejo zapleti v \u0161tevilnih kriti\u010dnih zdravstvenih stanjih, vklju\u010dno z:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sr\u010dna bolezen<\/li>\n<li>Kap<\/li>\n<li>Odpoved ledvic<\/li>\n<li>Akutna dihalna stiska<\/li>\n<li>Po\u0161kodba \u017eivcev v o\u010deh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Zdravljenje<\/h2>\n<p>Primarno zdravljenje feokromocitoma je operacija odstranitve tumorja. Pred operacijo bo zdravnik predpisal zdravila za nadziranje ravni krvnega tlaka in zmanj\u0161al tveganje za zaplete med operacijo. Ta zdravila vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alfa zaviralci: farmakolo\u0161ka zdravila, ki delujejo na na\u010din, da noradrenalinu prepre\u010dijo stimulacijo mi\u0161ic v stenah manj\u0161ih arterij in \u017eil. Ker te krvne \u017eile ostanejo odprte in spro\u0161\u010dene, se izbolj\u0161a pretok krvi in \u200b\u200bzni\u017ea krvni tlak.<\/li>\n<li>Beta zaviralci: razred zdravil, ki se uporabljajo za obvladovanje in nadzor sr\u010dnih aritmij, ki \u0161\u010ditijo srce pred drugim sr\u010dnim napadom ali hipertenzijo.<\/li>\n<li>Druga zdravila za zni\u017eevanje ravni krvnega tlaka<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Dodatne mo\u017enosti zdravljenja lahko vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<p>Kirur\u0161ki poseg: Kirur\u0161ka odstranitev celotne nadledvi\u010dne \u017eleze s feokromocitomom. Preostala zdrava nadledvi\u010dna \u017eleza opravlja funkcije, ki jih obi\u010dajno opravljata dva, krvni tlak pa se obi\u010dajno vrne na normalno raven<\/p>\n<p>Zdravljenje malignih tumorjev in metastaziranega raka, povezanih s feokromocitomom, lahko vklju\u010duje naslednje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zdravljenje z radionuklidom: Uporaba radioaktivnega zdravila, imenovanega radiofarmacevtski, za ciljanje in ubijanje rakavih celic.<\/li>\n<li>Kemoterapija: Uporaba mo\u010dnih zdravil za ubijanje hitro rasto\u010dih rakavih celic.<\/li>\n<li>Ciljna terapija proti raku: Uporaba zdravil za motenje posebnih molekul, potrebnih za rast tumorja in napredovanje rakavih celic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Feokromocitom - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/feokromocitom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Feokromocitom - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Opredelitev Fenokromocitom je redek, ponavadi nerakav (benigni) tumor tkiva nadledvi\u010dne \u017eleze. Vsak posameznik ima dve nadledvi\u010dni \u017elezi, po eno nad vsako ledvico. Nadledvi\u010dne \u017eleze proizvajajo hormone, ki dajejo navodila skoraj vsem organom in tkivom v telesu. Feokromocitom je tisto, kar nastane, ko \u017eleze sprostijo preve\u010d epinefrina in norepinefrina, hormonov, ki nadzorujejo sr\u010dni utrip, metabolizem in [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/feokromocitom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-11-03T10:19:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@humanitasmilano\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/feokromocitom\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/feokromocitom\/\",\"name\":\"Feokromocitom - Humanitas.net\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-06-08T07:38:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-11-03T10:19:32+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/feokromocitom\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sl-SI\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/feokromocitom\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/feokromocitom\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Bolesti\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/diseases\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Feokromocitom\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/\",\"name\":\"Humanitas.net\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"sl-SI\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Humanitas\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/\",\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/humanitasmilano\"],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sl-SI\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/logo-news-.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/logo-news-.png\",\"width\":314,\"height\":61,\"caption\":\"Humanitas\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Feokromocitom - Humanitas.net","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/feokromocitom\/","og_locale":"sl_SI","og_type":"article","og_title":"Feokromocitom - Humanitas.net","og_description":"Opredelitev Fenokromocitom je redek, ponavadi nerakav (benigni) tumor tkiva nadledvi\u010dne \u017eleze. Vsak posameznik ima dve nadledvi\u010dni \u017elezi, po eno nad vsako ledvico. Nadledvi\u010dne \u017eleze proizvajajo hormone, ki dajejo navodila skoraj vsem organom in tkivom v telesu. Feokromocitom je tisto, kar nastane, ko \u017eleze sprostijo preve\u010d epinefrina in norepinefrina, hormonov, ki nadzorujejo sr\u010dni utrip, metabolizem in [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/feokromocitom\/","og_site_name":"Humanitas.net","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/","article_modified_time":"2020-11-03T10:19:32+00:00","twitter_card":"summary","twitter_site":"@humanitasmilano","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/feokromocitom\/","url":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/feokromocitom\/","name":"Feokromocitom - Humanitas.net","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2020-06-08T07:38:18+00:00","dateModified":"2020-11-03T10:19:32+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/feokromocitom\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sl-SI","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/feokromocitom\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/feokromocitom\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Bolesti","item":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/diseases\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Feokromocitom"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/","name":"Humanitas.net","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"sl-SI"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#organization","name":"Humanitas","url":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/","https:\/\/twitter.com\/humanitasmilano"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sl-SI","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/logo-news-.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/logo-news-.png","width":314,"height":61,"caption":"Humanitas"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disease\/62577"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disease"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/disease"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disease\/62577\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}