{"id":62277,"date":"2020-05-29T09:11:24","date_gmt":"2020-05-29T09:11:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=disease&#038;p=62277"},"modified":"2020-11-04T10:10:25","modified_gmt":"2020-11-04T10:10:25","slug":"hemokromatoza","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/hemokromatoza\/","title":{"rendered":"Hemokromatoza"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hemokromatoza je dedna motnja, zaradi katere telo absorbira preve\u010d \u017eelezo iz hrane. Prese\u017eek \u017eeleza je shranjen predvsem v jetrih, srcu in trebu\u0161ni slinavki. To je lahko strupeno za organe in pove\u010da tveganje za \u017eivljenjsko nevarna stanja, kot so rak, ciroza ali sr\u010dne aritmije.<\/p>\n<p>Hemokromatoza je najpogostej\u0161a genetska bolezen pri belcih; vendar se le v majhnem \u0161tevilu primerov lahko razvijejo resni zapleti.<\/p>\n<p>Simptomi hemokromatoze se pojavijo v sredini \u017eivljenja. Z rednim odstranjevanjem krvi iz telesa lahko uravnavamo prese\u017eek \u017eeleza v krvi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Pogosti simptomi hemokromatoze vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bole\u010dine v sklepih<\/li>\n<li>Utrujenost<\/li>\n<li>Slabost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Za\u010detni simptomi bolezni se pri mo\u0161kih ponavadi pojavijo kot posledica okvare organov in vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bole\u010dine v sklepih<\/li>\n<li>Sladkorna bolezen<\/li>\n<li>Izguba spolnega nagona<\/li>\n<li>Impotenca<\/li>\n<li>Odpoved srca<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Dedna hemokromatoza je prisotna \u017ee ob rojstvu, simptomi pa se navadno pojavijo pozneje v \u017eivljenju. \u017denske pogosteje ob\u010dutijo simptome po menopavzi, ker z menstruacijo ali nose\u010dnostjo ne izgubljajo ve\u010d \u017eeleza.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>Dedno hemokromatozo povzro\u010da mutacija gena, ki uravnava koli\u010dino \u017eeleza, ki ga telo absorbira. Genska mutacija se prena\u0161a s star\u0161ev na otroke. Genska mutacija dedne hemokromatoze vklju\u010duje gen HFE, ki ima 2 skupni mutaciji, C282Y in H63D. Eno od genskih mutacij najdemo v ve\u010dini primerov dedne hemokromatoze.<\/p>\n<p>Dedna hemokromatoza zahteva 2 abnormalna gena, ki ju podedujemo od obeh star\u0161ev, medtem ko z enim abnormalnim genom postanemo nosilci genske mutacije.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Druge vrste hemokromatoze<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mladostni\u0161ka hemokromatoza: To motnjo povzro\u010da mutacija gena HJV in povzro\u010di enake simptome dedne hemokromatoze pri mladih, starih med 15 in 30 let.<\/p>\n<p>Neonatalna hemokromatoza: Neonatalna hemokromatoza velja za hudo avtoimunsko motnjo, ki povzro\u010di hitro kopi\u010denje \u017eeleza v jetrih ploda v razvoju.<\/p>\n<p>Sekundarna hemokromatoza: Sekundarna hemokromatoza ni podedovana, temve\u010d je kopi\u010denje \u017eeleza posledica druge bolezni, kot so kroni\u010dna jetrna bolezen, oku\u017eba ali slabokrvnost.<\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Dejavniki tveganja za dedno hemokromatozo vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>2 kopiji mutiranega gena HFE<\/li>\n<li>Dru\u017einska anamneza bolezni<\/li>\n<li>Etni\u010dna pripadnost (severnoevropsko poreklo)<\/li>\n<li>Spol (mo\u0161ki pogosteje razvijejo simptome)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>Dedna hemokromatoza, \u010de jo ne zdravimo, ima lahko \u0161tevilne simptome, vklju\u010dno z:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Te\u017eave z jetri: Trajne brazgotine jeter ali ciroza se lahko pojavijo kot posledica motnje in lahko vodijo tudi do raka jeter ali drugih zapletov.<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eave s trebu\u0161no slinavko: Po\u0161kodba trebu\u0161ne slinavke lahko privede do sladkorne bolezni.<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eave s srcem: Prese\u017eek \u017eeleza v srcu povzro\u010di te\u017eave pri kro\u017eenju dovolj krvi v srcu. To je znano kot postopno sr\u010dno popu\u0161\u010danje. Hemokromatoza lahko povzro\u010di tudi sr\u010dne aritmije, kar lahko vodi do sr\u010dnih palpitacij, bole\u010dine v prsih in omoti\u010dnosti.<\/li>\n<li>Reproduktivne te\u017eave: Preve\u010d \u017eeleza lahko pri mo\u0161kih povzro\u010di motnje erekcije in izgubo spolnega nagona ter odsotnost menstrualnih ciklov pri \u017eenskah.<\/li>\n<li>Spremembe barve ko\u017ee: Odlaganje \u017eeleza v ko\u017enih celicah lahko povzro\u010di, da ko\u017ea postane bronasta ali siva.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hemokromatoza - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/hemokromatoza\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hemokromatoza - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hemokromatoza je dedna motnja, zaradi katere telo absorbira preve\u010d \u017eelezo iz hrane. 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