{"id":62162,"date":"2020-05-28T11:13:49","date_gmt":"2020-05-28T11:13:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=disease&#038;p=62162"},"modified":"2020-11-04T13:48:34","modified_gmt":"2020-11-04T13:48:34","slug":"emfizem","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/emfizem\/","title":{"rendered":"Emfizem"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Emfizem je oblika dolgotrajne plju\u010dne bolezni. Po\u0161koduje majhne dihalne poti (alveole) v plju\u010dih in razgradi plju\u010dno tkivo, zaradi \u010desar se te\u017eko diha. Vzrokov za emfizem je ve\u010d, a kajenje je dale\u010d najpogostej\u0161e. Pri emfizemu se notranje stene dihalnih poti oslabijo in poru\u0161ijo, kar ustvari velik zra\u010dni prostor. To pa zmanj\u0161uje povr\u0161ino plju\u010d in koli\u010dino kisika, ki lahko dose\u017ee krvni obtok. Po\u0161kodovani alveoli ne delujejo pravilno, stari zrak pa se ujame in ne pu\u0161\u010da prostora za vstop sve\u017eega zraka, bogatega s kisikom. Mo\u017enosti zdravljenja emfizema lahko pomagajo upo\u010dasniti napredovanje; vendar to ni zdravilo za zdravljenje po\u0161kodbe plju\u010d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Glavni simptom emfizema je kratka sapa, ki se obi\u010dajno za\u010dne postopoma. Lahko nas za\u010dne motiti pri vsakodnevnih dejavnostih posameznika in se celo pojavlja v mirovanju. Drugi simptomi lahko vklju\u010dujejo piskanje, utrujenost in kroni\u010dni ka\u0161elj.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>Po pogosti izpostavljenosti zra\u010dnim strupom, kot je cigaretni dim, se zra\u010dni vre\u010dki plju\u010d vnamejo in po\u0161kodujejo. Dihalne poti zdravih plju\u010d imajo elasti\u010dne lastnosti; vendar lahko z nenehno izpostavljenostjo dra\u017eilu izgubijo elasti\u010dnost in postanejo bolj nagnjeni k vnetjem in zo\u017eitvi lumena.<\/p>\n<p>Glavni vzrok emfizema je dolgotrajna izpostavljenost strupi zraka, vklju\u010dno z:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Toba\u010dni dim<\/li>\n<li>Marihuana dim<\/li>\n<li>Onesna\u017eevanje zraka<\/li>\n<li>Strupeni hlapi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Dejavniki, ki so povezani s pove\u010danim tveganjem za razvoj emfizema, vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Starost (pogosta med 40. in 60. letom)<\/li>\n<li>\u010ce smo kadilec<\/li>\n<li>Izpostavljenost pasivnem kajenju<\/li>\n<li>Izpostavljenost strupenim hlapom (kemikalijam ali prahu iz tovarni\u0161kih ali rudarskih obratov)<\/li>\n<li>Izpostavljenost onesna\u017eenju zraka (hlapi iz ogrevalnega goriva, izpu\u0161ni plini)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>Pri posameznikih z emfizemom se verjetno razvije tudi naslednje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Propadla plju\u010da (pnevmotoraks) zaradi po\u0161kodbe plju\u010dne funkcije<\/li>\n<li>Sr\u010dna stanja (corpulmonale) zaradi pove\u010danega tlaka v arterijah, ki povezujejo srce in plju\u010da<\/li>\n<li>Velike luknje v plju\u010dih (velikanske bule)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Preventiva<\/h2>\n<p>Nekaj \u200b\u200bpriporo\u010dil za prepre\u010devanje emfizema vklju\u010duje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prenehati s kajenjem<\/li>\n<li>Izogibajte se pasivnem kajenju<\/li>\n<li>Nosite za\u0161\u010ditno masko okoli kemi\u010dnih hlapov ali pra\u0161nih zrn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Emfizem - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/emfizem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Emfizem - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Emfizem je oblika dolgotrajne plju\u010dne bolezni. 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Po\u0161koduje majhne dihalne poti (alveole) v plju\u010dih in razgradi plju\u010dno tkivo, zaradi \u010desar se te\u017eko diha. Vzrokov za emfizem je ve\u010d, a kajenje je dale\u010d najpogostej\u0161e. Pri emfizemu se notranje stene dihalnih poti oslabijo in poru\u0161ijo, kar ustvari velik zra\u010dni prostor. 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