{"id":62146,"date":"2020-05-28T08:47:55","date_gmt":"2020-05-28T08:47:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=disease&#038;p=62146"},"modified":"2020-11-04T14:13:22","modified_gmt":"2020-11-04T14:13:22","slug":"disfagija","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/disfagija\/","title":{"rendered":"Disfagija"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Disfagija je izraz, ki se nana\u0161a na &#8220;te\u017eave s po\u017eiranjem&#8221;, kar pomeni, da traja ve\u010d \u010dasa in truda, da se hrana ali teko\u010dina premakneta od ust do \u017eelodca. Pojavi se lahko pri kateri koli starosti, vendar menimo, da je pogostej\u0161a pri starej\u0161ih odraslih. Disfagija ponavadi ni zaskrbljujo\u010da in se lahko pojavi, ko posameznik prehitro poje hrano ali jo ne pre\u017eve\u010di dovolj dobro. Lahko je povezana tudi z bole\u010dino, kadar je v nekaterih primerih po\u017eiranje nemogo\u010de. Ko se to zgodi, je potrebno poiskati zdravni\u0161ko pomo\u010d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Znaki in simptomi disfagije lahko vklju\u010dujejo naslednje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bole\u010dina med po\u017eiranjem<\/li>\n<li>Nezmo\u017enost po\u017eiranja<\/li>\n<li>Slinjenje<\/li>\n<li>Hripav glas<\/li>\n<li>Pogosta zgaga<\/li>\n<li>Ob\u010dutek obti\u010danja hrane v grlu<\/li>\n<li>\u017delod\u010dna kislina<\/li>\n<li>Izguba te\u017ee<\/li>\n<li>Ka\u0161elj ali gagenje pri po\u017eiranju<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>Obstaja ve\u010d dejavnikov, ki lahko povzro\u010dijo te\u017eave pri po\u017eiranju. Dve kategoriji, povezani z disfagijo, sta: ezofagealna disfagija in orofaringealna disfagija.<\/p>\n<p>Ezofagealna disfagija se nana\u0161a na ob\u010dutek, kako hrana po\u017eira v dnu grla ali v prsih. Nekateri vzroki disfagije po\u017eiralnika vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ahalazija: Stanje, ki povzro\u010di oslabitev mi\u0161ic v steni po\u017eiralnika<\/li>\n<li>Difuzni spazem: stanje, ki povzro\u010da visok pritisk in slabo ustrezne kontrakcije po\u017eiralnika<\/li>\n<li>Struktura po\u017eiralnika: Stanje, ki povzro\u010da stanj\u0161anje po\u017eiralnika<\/li>\n<li>Tuja telesa: Polaganje delcev hrane v grlu ali po\u017eiralniku<\/li>\n<li>Ezofagealni obro\u010d: tanko obmo\u010dje zo\u017eenja v spodnjem po\u017eiralniku<\/li>\n<li>Gastroezofagealna refluksna bolezen (GERD): stanje, ki povzro\u010da nabiranje \u017eelod\u010dne kisline v po\u017eiralniku<\/li>\n<li>Eozinofilni ezofagitis: stanje, povezano z alergijo na hrano<\/li>\n<li>Skleroderma: stanje, ki povzro\u010da otrdelost in otrdelost tkiv ter oslabitev spodnjega po\u017eiralnika sfincetra<\/li>\n<li>Sevalna terapija: postopek, pri katerem je treba uporabiti \u017earke z visoko mo\u010djo za uni\u010devanje rakavih celic<\/li>\n<li>Tumorji po\u017eiralnika<\/li>\n<li>Orofaringealna disfagija se nana\u0161a na nepravilnosti mi\u0161ic, \u017eivcev ali struktur ustne votline, \u017erela in zgornjega ezofagealnega sfinktra. Nekateri od vzrokov orofaringealne disfagije vklju\u010dujejo:<\/li>\n<li>Nevrolo\u0161ke motnje: multipla skleroza, mi\u0161i\u010dna distrofija in Parkinsonova bolezen<\/li>\n<li>Nevrolo\u0161ke po\u0161kodbe: mo\u017eganska kap, po\u0161kodba mo\u017eganov, po\u0161kodba hrbtenja\u010de<\/li>\n<li>\u017drelo divertikule: Zbiranje delcev hrane v majhni vre\u010dki<\/li>\n<li>Rak<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Dejavniki, povezani s tveganjem za razvoj disfagije, vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Staranje (starej\u0161i odrasli imajo ve\u010dje tveganje za te\u017eave s po\u017eiranjem)<\/li>\n<li>Nekatera zdravstvena stanja (nevrolo\u0161ke ali \u017eiv\u010dne motnje)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>Mo\u017eni zapleti, ki lahko nastanejo zaradi te\u017eav s po\u017eiranjem, vklju\u010dujejo naslednje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Podhranjenost: premalo hranilnih snovi v telesu<\/li>\n<li>Izguba te\u017ee: nezmo\u017enost zau\u017eite hrane in teko\u010din<\/li>\n<li>Dehidracija: Neustrezen vnos teko\u010dine<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eave z dihali: pojav plju\u010dnice ali drugih oku\u017eb dihal<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Preventiva<\/h2>\n<p>\u010ceprav te\u017eav s po\u017eiranjem ni mogo\u010de prepre\u010diti, s po\u010dasnim u\u017eivanjem hrane in \u017eve\u010denjem hrane lahko zmanj\u0161amo tveganje za razvoj disfagije. Prav tako lahko zgodnje odkrivanje in u\u010dinkovito zdravljenje simptomov GERD zmanj\u0161a tveganje za razvoj disfagije.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Disfagija - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/disfagija\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Disfagija - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Disfagija je izraz, ki se nana\u0161a na &#8220;te\u017eave s po\u017eiranjem&#8221;, kar pomeni, da traja ve\u010d \u010dasa in truda, da se hrana ali teko\u010dina premakneta od ust do \u017eelodca. 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