{"id":62113,"date":"2020-05-28T07:59:26","date_gmt":"2020-05-28T07:59:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=disease&#038;p=62113"},"modified":"2020-11-04T14:21:21","modified_gmt":"2020-11-04T14:21:21","slug":"diabeticna-retinopatija","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/diabeticna-retinopatija\/","title":{"rendered":"Diabeti\u010dna retinopatija"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Diabeti\u010dna retinopatija je pogost zaplet sladkorne bolezni, ki prizadene o\u010di. Pojavi se, ko raven sladkorja v krvi naraste, kar povzro\u010di po\u0161kodbe krvnih \u017eil svetlobe ob\u010dutljivega tkiva na zadnji strani o\u010di (mre\u017enice). To stanje se lahko razvije pri vsakem posamezniku, ki ima sladkorno bolezen tipa 1 ali tipa 2. Zdravljenje je potrebno za prepre\u010devanje o\u010desnih zapletov ali celo slepote.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Znaki in simptomi diabeti\u010dne retinopatije lahko vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zamegljen vid<\/li>\n<li>Pege ali oblike, ki plavajo v vidnem polju<\/li>\n<li>Motnje barvnega vida<\/li>\n<li>Slepota<\/li>\n<li>Diabeti\u010dna retinopatija obi\u010dajno prizadene obe o\u010desi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>Diabeti\u010dna retinopatija nastane, ko preve\u010d sladkorja v krvi povzro\u010di zama\u0161itev drobnih krvnih \u017eil, ki podpirajo mre\u017enico, in tako prekine njeno oskrbo s krvjo. Oko pa posku\u0161a ustvariti nove krvne \u017eile; vendar se ponavadi ne razvijajo pravilno in na koncu povzro\u010dijo uhajanje.<\/p>\n<p>Obstajata dve vrsti diabeti\u010dne retinopatije:<\/p>\n<p>Zgodnja diabeti\u010dna retinopatija: stanje, pri katerem stene krvnih \u017eil v mre\u017enici oslabijo in nove krvne \u017eile ne rastejo<\/p>\n<p>Napredna diabeti\u010dna retinopatija: stanje, pri katerem se po\u0161kodovane krvne \u017eile zaprejo, kar povzro\u010di rast novih, nenormalnih krvnih celic v mre\u017enici, kar lahko povzro\u010di nadaljnje o\u010desne zaplete in pove\u010da pritisk v o\u010desni jabolki.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Dejavniki, povezani s pove\u010danim tveganjem za razvoj diabeti\u010dne retinopatije, vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trajanje sladkorne bolezni<\/li>\n<li>Visoka raven krvnega tlaka<\/li>\n<li>Visoka raven holesterola<\/li>\n<li>Slaba kontrola krvnega sladkorja<\/li>\n<li>Kajenje<\/li>\n<li>Nose\u010dnost<\/li>\n<li>\u010crna ali latino ameri\u0161ka rasa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>Zapleti, ki lahko nastanejo zaradi diabeti\u010dne retinopatije, lahko vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Krvavitev v steklenico: uhajanje krvi na obmo\u010dja v o\u010desu in okoli njega<\/li>\n<li>Odvajanje mre\u017enice: Stanje, ko se del o\u010desa odmakne od podpornega tkiva<\/li>\n<li>Glaukom: skupina o\u010desnih stanj, ki povzro\u010dajo pritisk v o\u010desu in slepoto<\/li>\n<li>Slepota: izguba vida<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Zdravljenje<\/h2>\n<p>Zdravljenje diabeti\u010dne retinopatije je odvisno od vrste diabeti\u010dne retinopatije in tega, kako resno je stanje. Zgodnja diabeti\u010dna retinopatija lahko zahteva le pregled o\u010di, da se ugotovi, ali posameznik potrebuje nadaljnje zdravljenje, pa tudi spremljanje ravni krvnega sladkorja. Napredna diabeti\u010dna retinopatija lahko zahteva:<\/p>\n<p>Fokusno lasersko zdravljenje za zaustavitev ali upo\u010dasnitev uhajanja krvi in \u200b\u200bteko\u010dine v o\u010desu.<\/p>\n<p>Lasersko zdravljenje s \u0161kropljenjem za kr\u010denje krvnih \u017eil.<\/p>\n<p>Vitrektomija za odstranjevanje krvi iz sredine o\u010desa, pa tudi brazgotin, ki se vle\u010dejo na mre\u017enico.<\/p>\n<p>Kirurgija pogosto upo\u010dasni ali ustavi napredovanje diabeti\u010dne retinopatije, vendar stanja ne pozdravi. Ker je sladkorna bolezen vse\u017eivljenjsko stanje, bodo lahko prihodnje po\u0161kodbe mre\u017enice in izguba vida mo\u017ene tudi po zdravljenju. Pogosto se priporo\u010da redno pregledovanje o\u010di in dodatno zdravljenje.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Preventiva<\/h2>\n<p>Medtem ko prepre\u010devanje diabeti\u010dne retinopatije ni vedno mogo\u010de, lahko redni pregledi o\u010di in nadzor ravni krvnega sladkorja in krvnega tlaka prepre\u010dijo nadaljnje zaplete in mo\u010dno izgubo vida. Nekaj \u200b\u200bpriporo\u010dil za prepre\u010devanje diabeti\u010dne retinopatije lahko vklju\u010duje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>U\u017eivanje zdrave in uravnote\u017eene prehrane<\/li>\n<li>Vadite redno<\/li>\n<li>Jemanje zdravil, kot je predpisano<\/li>\n<li>Nadzor nad krvnim tlakom in holesterolom<\/li>\n<li>Nehajte kaditi<\/li>\n<li>Letni pregled o\u010des<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Diabeti\u010dna retinopatija - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/diabeticna-retinopatija\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Diabeti\u010dna retinopatija - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Diabeti\u010dna retinopatija je pogost zaplet sladkorne bolezni, ki prizadene o\u010di. 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