{"id":61928,"date":"2020-05-21T13:19:46","date_gmt":"2020-05-21T13:19:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=disease&p=61928"},"modified":"2020-11-04T15:06:15","modified_gmt":"2020-11-04T15:06:15","slug":"bradikardija","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/bradikardija\/","title":{"rendered":"Bradikardija"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bradikardija je znana kot po\u010dasen sr\u010dni utrip, kjer srce obi\u010dajno bije manj kot 60-krat na minuto, v nasprotju z obi\u010dajnim srcem, pri po\u010ditku pa med 60 in 100-krat na minuto. Bradikardija je lahko resen problem za osebe, katerih srce ne prena\u0161a v telo dovolj s kisikom bogate krvi. Za nekatere ljudi pa bradikardija ne povzro\u010da simptomov ali zapletov.<\/p>\n

Simptomi<\/h2>\n

Posamezniki, ki imajo bradikardijo, ne dobijo dovolj kisika v mo\u017egane in druge organe.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kot rezultat tega se lahko pojavijo ti simptomi:<\/p>\n

Omotica<\/p>\n

Utrujenost<\/p>\n

\u0160ibkost<\/p>\n

Omedlevica<\/p>\n

Zasoplost<\/p>\n

Bole\u010dine v prsih<\/p>\n

Zmedenost<\/p>\n

Vzroki<\/h2>\n

Bradikardija nastane, kadar nekaj moti obi\u010dajne elektri\u010dne impulze, ki nadzorujejo posameznikovo stopnjo sr\u010dnega delovanja. \u0160tevilne te\u017eave so lahko vzrok za okvaro elektri\u010dnega sistema srca, vklju\u010dno z:<\/p>\n

Po\u0161kodba sr\u010dnih tkiv zaradi bolezni srca ali sr\u010dnega napada<\/p>\n

Po\u0161kodba sr\u010dnih tkiv zaradi staranja<\/p>\n

Visok krvni tlak (hipertenzija)<\/p>\n

Sr\u010dna motnja ob rojstvu (prirojena sr\u010dna napaka)<\/p>\n

Zaplet pri operaciji na srcu<\/p>\n

Vnetna bolezen, kot sta revmati\u010dna vro\u010dina ali lupus<\/p>\n

Preve\u010d kalija v krvi (neravnovesje elektrolitov)<\/p>\n

Oku\u017eba sr\u010dnega tkiva (miokarditis)<\/p>\n

Pove\u010danje \u017eeleza v organih (hemokromatoza)<\/p>\n

Po\u010dasi elektri\u010dni impulzi srca (hipotiroidizem)<\/p>\n

Motnja dihanja med spanjem (Obstruktivna spalna apneja)<\/p>\n

Zdravila<\/h2>\n

Sr\u010dni elektri\u010dni sistem<\/p>\n

Na splo\u0161no dve vrsti te\u017eav povzro\u010dajo bradikardijo:<\/p>\n

Motnje sinoatrijskega vozli\u0161\u010da (SA vozli\u0161\u010de)<\/p>\n

Motnje atrioventrikularnega vozli\u0161\u010da (AV vozli\u0161\u010de)<\/p>\n

Sinoatrijsko vozli\u0161\u010de (SA vozli\u0161\u010de) se nahaja v desnem atriju in nadzoruje ritem srca.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Atrioventrikularno vozli\u0161\u010de (AV vozli\u0161\u010de) pomaga pri prenosu signala v specializirano zbirko celic, ki se imenuje snop His, kjer te celice nato oddajo signal navzdol na levo vejo, ki slu\u017ei levemu prekatu, in desno vejo, ki slu\u017ei desnemu prekatu.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 To pa ventrikle obve\u0161\u010da, da se kr\u010dijo in \u010drpajo kri, kjer desni prekat po\u0161lje slabo oksidirano kri\u00a0 v plju\u010da in levi prekat po\u0161lje telesu s kisikom obogateno kri.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bradikardija se dogaja, ko se ti elektri\u010dni signali upo\u010dasnijo ali so blokirani.<\/p>\n

Te\u017eave s sinusnimi vozli<\/h2>\n

Bradikardija se pogosto za\u010dne v sinusnem vozli\u0161\u010du. Po\u010dasen sr\u010dni utrip se lahko pojavi zaradi:<\/p>\n

Izpu\u0161\u010danje elektri\u010dnih impulzov po\u010dasneje<\/p>\n

Za\u010dasna zaustavitev pu\u0161\u010danje elektri\u010dnih impulzov z nepravilnim utripom<\/p>\n

Spro\u0161\u010danje elektri\u010dnih impulzov, ki so blokirani, preden se atrij skr\u010di<\/p>\n

Sr\u010dna blokada (atrioventrikularna blokada)<\/p>\n

Bradikardija se lahko pojavi tudi zato, ker se elektri\u010dni signali, ki se prena\u0161ajo skozi atrije, ne prena\u0161ajo v ventrikle, kar posledi\u010dno povzro\u010di sr\u010dno blokado. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ti sr\u010dni bloki so razvr\u0161\u010deni glede na stopnjo, do katere signali iz atrija dose\u017eejo glavne sr\u010dne \u010drpalne komore (ventrikle).<\/p>\n

Sr\u010dni blok prve stopnje: Vsi elektri\u010dni signali iz atrija dose\u017eejo ventrikle, vendar se signal nekoliko upo\u010dasni. Sr\u010dna blokada prve stopnje je blage oblike in obi\u010dajno ne potrebuje zdravljenja.<\/p>\n

Sr\u010dna blokada druge stopnje si elektri\u010dni signali ne dose\u017eejo ventriklov. Padejo nekateri utripi, kar ima za posledico po\u010dasnej\u0161i in v\u010dasih nepravilen ritem.<\/p>\n

Sr\u010dna blokada tretje stopnje: Noben od elektri\u010dnih impulzov iz atrija ne dose\u017ee ventriklov. V tem primeru za\u010dnejo snopi Njegovega ali drugega tkiva ventriklov delovati kot nadomestni spodbujevalnik za ventrikle.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 To ima za posledico po\u010dasen in v\u010dasih nezanesljiv elektri\u010dni impulz v \u010drpalnih komorah srca.<\/p>\n

Blok veje sve\u017enja: Ko so elektri\u010dni signali blokirani na koncu poti za elektri\u010dne impulze.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Resnost blokade vej je odvisna od tega, kje sta prizadeta tako leva kot desna veja, kot tudi prisotnost drugih vrst sr\u010dne blokade, pa tudi od stopnje po\u0161kodbe sr\u010dnega tkiva.<\/p>\n

Zapleti<\/h2>\n

Zapleti nezdravljene bradikardije se razlikujejo glede na to, kako upo\u010dasnjen je sr\u010dni utrip in kak\u0161no \u0161kodo lahko predstavlja sr\u010dno tkivo. Mo\u017eni zapleti po\u010dasnega sr\u010dnega utripa lahko vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n

Pogoste uroke omedlevice<\/p>\n

Inability of the heart to pump enough blood (heart failure)<\/p>\n

Nenadni sr\u010dni zastoj ali nenadna smrt<\/p>\n

Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n

\u0160tevilni dejavniki tveganja so povezani s posamezniki, ki se soo\u010dajo s sr\u010dnimi stanji. Nekateri od teh dejavnikov tveganja so:<\/p>\n

Starost: bradikardija je najpogostej\u0161a pri starej\u0161ih odraslih s sr\u010dnimi te\u017eavami<\/p>\n

Visok krvni tlak<\/p>\n

Kajenje<\/p>\n

Alkoholizem<\/p>\n

U\u017eivanje rereativnih drog<\/p>\n

Psiholo\u0161ko obna\u0161anje<\/p>\n

Prepre\u010devanje<\/p>\n

Obstaja veliko u\u010dinkovitih na\u010dinov za prepre\u010devanje bradikardije in zmanj\u0161anje tveganja za nastanek sr\u010dnih bolezni.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Za odpravo dejavnikov tveganja je mogo\u010de izvesti nekaj naslednjih korakov:<\/p>\n

Redna telesna aktivnost<\/p>\n

U\u017eivanje zdrave prehrane, bogate s sadjem, zelenjavo in polnozrnatimi \u017eitaricami<\/p>\n

Vzdr\u017eevanje zdrave te\u017ee<\/p>\n

Dr\u017eanje krvnega tlaka in holesterola pod nadzorom<\/p>\n

Odprava kajenja<\/p>\n

Pitje alkohola v zmernih koli\u010dinah<\/p>\n

Zaustavitev rekreacijska u\u017eivanja drog<\/p>\n

Obvladovanje stresa in u\u010denje tehnik obvladovanja<\/p>\n

Dolo\u010ditev sestankov za fizi\u010dne preglede in poro\u010danje o morebitnih znakih simptomov zdravniku<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"\nBradikardija - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/bradikardija\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bradikardija - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bradikardija je znana kot po\u010dasen sr\u010dni utrip, kjer srce obi\u010dajno bije manj kot 60-krat na minuto, v nasprotju z obi\u010dajnim srcem, pri po\u010ditku pa med 60 in 100-krat na minuto. Bradikardija je lahko resen problem za osebe, katerih srce ne prena\u0161a v telo dovolj s kisikom bogate krvi. 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