{"id":61803,"date":"2020-05-20T12:38:45","date_gmt":"2020-05-20T12:38:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=disease&p=61803"},"modified":"2020-11-04T15:41:26","modified_gmt":"2020-11-04T15:41:26","slug":"analni-rak","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/analni-rak\/","title":{"rendered":"Analni rak"},"content":{"rendered":"

Analni rak je redek rak, ki se razvije v analnem kanalu. Analni kanal je kratka cev na koncu rektuma, skozi katero blato izstopa iz telesa.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Znaki analnega raka vklju\u010dujejo krvavitev iz rektuma in analne bole\u010dine.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Analni rak se zdravi predvsem s kombinacijo kemoterapije in sevanja. Kombinacija zdravljenja pove\u010duje mo\u017enost zdravljenja bolezni, pove\u010duje pa tudi tveganje za ne\u017eelene u\u010dinke.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomi<\/p>\n

Simptomi analnega raka vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Analna ali rektalna krvavitev<\/p>\n

Bole\u010dina okoli anusa<\/p>\n

Izboklina \/ rast analnega kanala<\/p>\n

Srbe\u010dica<\/p>\n

Vzroki<\/p>\n

Analni rak nastane zaradi genetske mutacije, ki zdrave in normalne celice spremeni v abnormalne celice. Za razliko od zdravih celic se nenormalne celice hitreje mno\u017eijo in ne umrejo. Kopi\u010denje nenormalnih celic tvori izboklino ali tumor. Poleg tega se rakave celice lahko lo\u010dijo od za\u010detne mase in se raz\u0161irijo na druga podro\u010dja telesa (metastazirajo).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Analni rak je pogosto povezan s spolno prenosljivo boleznijo, imenovano humani papiloma virus (HPV). Sledi HPV najdemo v ve\u010dini primerov analnega raka; zato velja za najpogostej\u0161i vzrok analnega raka.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Dejavniki tveganja<\/p>\n

Dejavniki, ki pove\u010dajo tveganje za analni rak, vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Starost: Ljudje, stari 50 let in ve\u010d, so spodvr\u017eeni ve\u010djemu tveganju za razvoj analnega raka<\/p>\n

Ve\u010d spolnih partnerjev: Ljudje s \u0161tevilnimi spolnimi partnerji v \u017eivljenju imajo ve\u010dje tveganje za analni rak<\/p>\n

Analni seks: Vklju\u010devanje v analni seks pove\u010da tveganje za nastanek analnega raka<\/p>\n

Kajenje<\/p>\n

\u010clove\u0161ki papiloma virus: Oku\u017eba s HPV lahko privede do analnega raka, pa tudi do raka materni\u010dnega vratu.<\/p>\n

Zdravila ali stanja, ki zavirajo imunski sistem: Ljudje, ki jemljejo imunosupresivna zdravila, tudi ljudje, ki so prejeli presaditve organov, tvegajo analni rak. HIV (virus, ki povzro\u010da aids) zavira imunski sistem in tako pove\u010da tveganje za analni rak.<\/p>\n

Zapleti<\/p>\n

Splo\u0161ni zapleti pri rakih vklju\u010dujejo metastaze. Vendar pa analni rak redko metastazira v oddaljene dele telesa. Majhen odstotek tumorjev se lahko raz\u0161iri na jetra in plju\u010da, kar ote\u017euje zdravljenje.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Prepre\u010devanje<\/p>\n

Ni zajam\u010denega na\u010dina za prepre\u010devanje analnega raka; vendar se lahko tveganje zmanj\u0161a na naslednje na\u010dine:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Prakticirati varen seks: Varen seks ali vzdr\u017eanje seksa lahko prepre\u010dita HPV in HIV in tako zmanj\u0161ata tveganje za analni rak<\/p>\n

Cepljenje proti HPV: Gardasil in Cervarix sta cepiva proti HPV. Proti HPV se lahko cepita oba spola.<\/p>\n

Prenehanje kajenja: Kadilci priporo\u010dajo, da prenehajo kaditi, da zmanj\u0161ajo tveganje za nastanek analnega raka.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"\nAnalni rak - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/analni-rak\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Analni rak - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Analni rak je redek rak, ki se razvije v analnem kanalu. Analni kanal je kratka cev na koncu rektuma, skozi katero blato izstopa iz telesa.   Znaki analnega raka vklju\u010dujejo krvavitev iz rektuma in analne bole\u010dine.   Analni rak se zdravi predvsem s kombinacijo kemoterapije in sevanja. 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