{"id":50504,"date":"2018-05-16T13:13:28","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T13:13:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=wiki&p=50504"},"modified":"2018-05-16T13:13:45","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T13:13:45","slug":"plamanii","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/plamanii\/","title":{"rendered":"Pl\u0103m\u00e2nii"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pl\u0103m\u00e2nii sunt cele dou\u0103 organe implicate \u00een aprovizionarea cu oxigen a organismului \u0219i \u00een eliminarea dioxidului de carbon din s\u00e2nge, sau \u00een schimbul de gaze \u00eentre aer \u0219i s\u00e2nge (proces cunoscut sub numele de schimb de gaze). Situa\u021bi \u00een cavitatea toracic\u0103, pl\u0103m\u00e2nii sunt \u00eenconjura\u021bi de o membran\u0103 seroas\u0103, pleura, care este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru \u00eendeplinirea func\u021biei lor. Pl\u0103m\u00e2nii sunt separa\u021bi de un spa\u021biu, \u00eentre coloana vertebral\u0103 \u0219i stern, mediastinul, care \u00een interior include inima, esofagul, traheea, bronhiile, glanda timus \u0219i vasele mari. Fiecare dintre cei doi pl\u0103m\u00e2ni are, la cap\u0103tul superior, un v\u00e2rf, care se extinde \u00een sus p\u00e2n\u0103 la baza g\u00e2tului \u0219i se sprijin\u0103 pe mu\u0219chiul diafragmatic la cap\u0103tul inferior.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sarcina principal\u0103 a pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor este de a extrage din s\u00e2nge dioxidul de carbon \u0219i de\u0219eurile din circula\u021bia periferic\u0103 \u0219i de a-l cur\u0103\u021ba: odat\u0103 cur\u0103\u021bat, s\u00e2ngele este apoi trimis la inim\u0103, de unde este transmis organelor \u0219i \u021besuturilor. Pl\u0103m\u00e2nii au un grad ridicat de elasticitate, care permite expulzarea aerului \u00een timpul expir\u0103rii. Ca \u0219i \u00een cazul rinichilor, un singur pl\u0103m\u00e2n este suficient pentru a asigura func\u021bionarea \u00eentregului proces.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ce sunt pl\u0103m\u00e2nii?<\/h2>\n

Pl\u0103m\u00e2nul drept cuprinde trei lobi (superior, mijlociu \u0219i inferior), separa\u021bi printr-o fant\u0103 \u0219i o linie oblic\u0103 orizontal\u0103, \u00een timp ce pl\u0103m\u00e2nul st\u00e2ng con\u021bine doi lobi (superior \u0219i inferior) separa\u021bi printr-o t\u0103ietur\u0103 oblic\u0103. Lobii sunt \u00een continuare \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bi\u021bi \u00een segmente bronhopulmonare, fiecare dintre acestea fiind servit de o bronhie segmentar\u0103; bronhiile segmentare, la r\u00e2ndul lor, sunt \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een structuri din ce \u00een ce mai mici, p\u00e2n\u0103 se ajunge la sacii alveolari, care sunt responsabili pentru schimbul de gaze \u00eentre aer \u0219i s\u00e2nge.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Spa\u021biile \u00een care sunt localiza\u021bi pl\u0103m\u00e2nii sunt numite loje pulmonare; acestea sunt m\u0103rginite la cap\u0103tul inferior de diafragm\u0103, \u00een partea superioar\u0103 de structurile situate \u00een piept \u00een partea de sus (ca plexul brahial), \u00een lateral de cutia toracic\u0103 \u0219i mu\u0219chii intercostali, \u0219i intern de mediastin.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pl\u0103m\u00e2nii sunt \u00eenveli\u021bi \u00eentr-o membran\u0103 seroas\u0103, pleura, format\u0103 din dou\u0103 straturi, numite straturi pleurale: pleura parietal\u0103, care acoper\u0103 pl\u0103m\u00e2nii \u00een exterior \u0219i \u00eei separ\u0103 de peretele toracic; \u0219i pleura visceral\u0103, care ader\u0103 la suprafa\u021ba interioar\u0103 a pl\u0103m\u00e2nului. Cele dou\u0103 straturi pleurale sunt \u00een contact continuu unul cu cel\u0103lalt: pentru a asigura \u0219i a facilita alunecarea, exist\u0103 o pelicul\u0103 sub\u021bire de fluid pleural umple spa\u021biul dintre cele dou\u0103 straturi. Prezenta sa este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru a le permite pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor s\u0103 urmeze mi\u0219c\u0103rile mu\u0219chilor din timpul respira\u021biei. Cele dou\u0103 straturi delimiteaz\u0103 o cavitate virtual\u0103, cavitatea pleural\u0103, care nu comunic\u0103 cu exteriorul sau cu alte organe, \u0219i \u00een care se formeaz\u0103 o presiune negativ\u0103, care le permite pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor s\u0103 se extind\u0103 \u00een timp ce inspir\u0103m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Forma pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor seam\u0103n\u0103 cu cea a dou\u0103 conuri. Dimensiunile lor variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de evolu\u021bia organismului: la b\u0103rba\u021bii adul\u021bi, ei au \u00een general o lungime de cel mult 25 centimetri, \u00een timp ce diametrul mediu este de aproximativ 16 cm. Pl\u0103m\u00e2nul st\u00e2ng este pu\u021bin mai mic dec\u00e2t cel drept. La femei, aceste valori sunt de obicei mai mici. Greutatea pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor variaz\u0103 \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de stadiul dezvolt\u0103rii fizice: \u00een sarcina ajuns\u0103 la termen, pl\u0103m\u00e2nii f\u0103tului c\u00e2nt\u0103resc 60-65 grame, \u00een timp ce la un copil ajunge la 80-100 grame. La v\u00e2rsta adult\u0103, pl\u0103m\u00e2nul drept la om poate c\u00e2nt\u0103ri \u00een jur de 680 de grame, \u00een timp ce cel st\u00e2ng \u00een jur de 620 de grame (la femei, greutatea variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de dimensiune).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Capacitatea pulmonar\u0103 – cantitatea de aer care poate fi con\u021binut\u0103 \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni – variaz\u0103 de la o persoan\u0103 la alta, dar \u0219i \u00een func\u021bie de faza de respira\u021bie: \u00eentr-o faz\u0103 obi\u0219nuit\u0103 de inhalare, pl\u0103m\u00e2nii pot con\u021bine 3400-3700 cm3 de aer, \u00een timp ce la inhalarea for\u021bat\u0103 se poate ajunge la 5000-6000 cm3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","wiki-categories":[1691],"wiki-types":[],"yoast_head":"\nPl\u0103m\u00e2nii - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/plamanii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pl\u0103m\u00e2nii - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pl\u0103m\u00e2nii sunt cele dou\u0103 organe implicate \u00een aprovizionarea cu oxigen a organismului \u0219i \u00een eliminarea dioxidului de carbon din s\u00e2nge, sau \u00een schimbul de gaze \u00eentre aer \u0219i s\u00e2nge (proces cunoscut sub numele de schimb de gaze). Situa\u021bi \u00een cavitatea toracic\u0103, pl\u0103m\u00e2nii sunt \u00eenconjura\u021bi de o membran\u0103 seroas\u0103, pleura, care este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru \u00eendeplinirea func\u021biei […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/plamanii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-05-16T13:13:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@humanitasmilano\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/plamanii\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/plamanii\/\",\"name\":\"Pl\u0103m\u00e2nii - Humanitas.net\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2018-05-16T13:13:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-05-16T13:13:45+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/plamanii\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ro\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/plamanii\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/plamanii\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Wikis\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Pl\u0103m\u00e2nii\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/\",\"name\":\"Humanitas.net\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"ro\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Humanitas\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/\",\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/humanitasmilano\"],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/logo-news-.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/logo-news-.png\",\"width\":314,\"height\":61,\"caption\":\"Humanitas\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Pl\u0103m\u00e2nii - Humanitas.net","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/plamanii\/","og_locale":"ro_RO","og_type":"article","og_title":"Pl\u0103m\u00e2nii - Humanitas.net","og_description":"Pl\u0103m\u00e2nii sunt cele dou\u0103 organe implicate \u00een aprovizionarea cu oxigen a organismului \u0219i \u00een eliminarea dioxidului de carbon din s\u00e2nge, sau \u00een schimbul de gaze \u00eentre aer \u0219i s\u00e2nge (proces cunoscut sub numele de schimb de gaze). Situa\u021bi \u00een cavitatea toracic\u0103, pl\u0103m\u00e2nii sunt \u00eenconjura\u021bi de o membran\u0103 seroas\u0103, pleura, care este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru \u00eendeplinirea func\u021biei […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/plamanii\/","og_site_name":"Humanitas.net","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/","article_modified_time":"2018-05-16T13:13:45+00:00","twitter_card":"summary","twitter_site":"@humanitasmilano","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/plamanii\/","url":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/plamanii\/","name":"Pl\u0103m\u00e2nii - Humanitas.net","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2018-05-16T13:13:28+00:00","dateModified":"2018-05-16T13:13:45+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/plamanii\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ro","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/plamanii\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/plamanii\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Wikis","item":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/wiki\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Pl\u0103m\u00e2nii"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/","name":"Humanitas.net","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"ro"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#organization","name":"Humanitas","url":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/","https:\/\/twitter.com\/humanitasmilano"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/logo-news-.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/logo-news-.png","width":314,"height":61,"caption":"Humanitas"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/50504"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/50504\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50504"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"wiki-categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki-categories?post=50504"},{"taxonomy":"wiki-types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki-types?post=50504"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}