{"id":50502,"date":"2018-05-16T13:12:33","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T13:12:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=wiki&p=50502"},"modified":"2018-05-16T13:12:59","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T13:12:59","slug":"valva-mitrala","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/valva-mitrala\/","title":{"rendered":"Valva mitral\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ce este valva mitral\u0103?<\/h2>\n

Valva mitral\u0103 este una din cele patru valve din inim\u0103. Aceasta este situat\u0103 \u00eentre atriul st\u00e2ng \u0219i ventriculul st\u00e2ng. Valva mitral\u0103 este proiectat\u0103 pentru a asigura c\u0103 s\u00e2ngele nu curge \u00eenapoi pe calea c\u0103tre inim\u0103, precum \u0219i pentru a asigura schimbul adecvat de oxigen \u0219i dioxid de carbon \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni, pentru \u00eentregul organism.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Inima este un organ \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit \u00een mai multe p\u0103r\u021bi, care o ajut\u0103 s\u0103-\u0219i \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 func\u021bia principal\u0103: s\u0103 transporte s\u00e2nge bogat \u00een oxigen c\u0103tre restul corpului (celule, \u021besuturi \u0219i organe) pentru a-l hr\u0103ni, \u0219i s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 s\u00e2nge \u00eenc\u0103rcat cu dioxid de carbon, pentru a-l trimite la pl\u0103m\u00e2ni, unde are loc schimbul de oxigen.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Valvele cardiace sunt structuri mici, responsabile pentru prevenirea curgerii s\u00e2ngelui \u00eenapoi, asigur\u00e2ndu-se c\u0103 sensul este \u00een direc\u021bia spre inim\u0103. Valva mitral\u0103 este o valv\u0103 atrioventricular\u0103, care const\u0103 din dou\u0103 membrane (cuspe), foarte rezistente, formate din \u021besut conjunctiv care se deschid \u0219i se \u00eenchid cu fiecare b\u0103taie a inimii, \u00een mod coordonat. Clapetele sunt conectate la un inel valvular, prin care sunt legate la peretele inimii. Marginile membranelor sunt prinse de mu\u0219chii papilari prin corzi tendinoase, fire de \u021besut conjunctiv care sunt declan\u0219ate de fluxul sanguin \u0219i de fazele cardiace, \u0219i care ajut\u0103 la prevenirea revenirii s\u00e2ngelui \u00eenapoi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ce func\u021bie \u00eendepline\u0219te valva mitral\u0103?<\/h2>\n

Inima este o pomp\u0103, care transport\u0103 s\u00e2nge bogat \u00een oxigen din pl\u0103m\u00e2ni \u00een celulele \u021besuturilor \u0219i ale organelor, \u00een schimbul s\u00e2ngelui \u00eenc\u0103rcat cu dioxid de carbon, care trebuie transformat. S\u00e2ngele oxigenat circul\u0103 spre organele \u0219i \u021besuturile din corp prin aort\u0103, artera care transport\u0103 hran\u0103 \u00eentregului corp, \u0219i care se \u00eemparte \u00een ramuri \u0219i capilare din ce \u00een ce mai mici. S\u00e2ngele \u00eenc\u0103rcat cu dioxid de carbon revine la nivelul inimii prin vene, fiind transformat \u00een oxigen.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Valva mitral\u0103 supravegheaz\u0103 trecerea s\u00e2ngelui oxigenat prin orificiul situat \u00eentre atriul st\u00e2ng \u0219i ventriculul st\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ciclul cardiac este format din dou\u0103 faze: o faz\u0103 de relaxare (diastola) \u0219i o faz\u0103 de contrac\u021bie (sistola). \u00cen prima faz\u0103 (faza diastolic\u0103), valvele dintre atrii \u0219i ventricule sunt deschise, \u0219i \u00eentreaga inim\u0103 este relaxat\u0103. \u00cen acest stadiu, valvele semilunare sunt \u00eenchise, \u00eempiedic\u00e2nd intrarea s\u00e2ngelui \u00een paturile vasculare. \u00cen timpul celei de-a doua etape (faza sistolic\u0103), atriile \u0219i ventriculele se contracteaz\u0103 \u00eentr-un mod coordonat: mai \u00eent\u00e2i atriile (sistol\u0103 atrial\u0103) \u0219i apoi ventriculele (sistol\u0103). \u00cen timpul contrac\u021biei ventriculare, s\u00e2ngele prezent \u00een atrii ajunge la ventricule, \u0219i apoi valvele atrioventriculare se \u00eenchid. Contrac\u021bia ventriculului st\u00e2ng pompeaz\u0103 s\u00e2ngele \u00een aort\u0103, pentru a fi distribuit \u00een toate zonele corpului.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mecanismul valvelor atrio-ventriculare \u0219i al valvei mitrale este ajustat \u00een func\u021bie de fluxul sanguin \u0219i de presiunea exercitat\u0103 \u00een fazele ciclului cardiac. \u00cen timpul sistolei ventriculare, tensiunea arterial\u0103 se exercit\u0103 \u00een sus fa\u021b\u0103 de membran\u0103, \u00eempiedic\u00e2nd s\u00e2ngele s\u0103 curg\u0103 \u00eenapoi. Chordae tendineae (corzile inimii), care leag\u0103 mu\u0219chii papilari de valva tricuspida \u0219i de valva mitral\u0103 din inim\u0103, \u00eempiedic\u0103 valva s\u0103 fie \u00eempins\u0103 \u00een interiorul atriului. \u00cen cazul defectelor func\u021bionale sau anatomice, se poate ajunge la probleme, cum ar fi prolapsul valvei.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","wiki-categories":[1691],"wiki-types":[],"yoast_head":"\nValva mitral\u0103 - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/valva-mitrala\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Valva mitral\u0103 - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ce este valva mitral\u0103? 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