{"id":50494,"date":"2018-05-16T13:08:29","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T13:08:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=wiki&#038;p=50494"},"modified":"2018-05-16T13:09:01","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T13:09:01","slug":"sistemul-musculo-scheletic","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/sistemul-musculo-scheletic\/","title":{"rendered":"Sistemul musculo-scheletic"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Ce este sistemul musculo-scheletic?<\/h2>\n<p>Sistemul musculo-scheletic este un set de oase, articula\u021bii \u0219i structuri musculare care formeaz\u0103, ap\u0103r\u0103 \u0219i sprijin\u0103 mi\u0219carea corpului. Este cel mai voluminos sistem al corpului uman \u0219i reprezint\u0103 aproximativ 80% din greutatea total\u0103. Sistemul musculo-scheletal const\u0103 din oase ale scheletului, articula\u021bii, mu\u0219chi, tendoane, ligamente, cartilaje \u0219i alte \u021besuturi conjunctive, care leag\u0103 \u021besuturile \u0219i organele \u00eempreun\u0103 \u0219i sprijin\u0103 organismul \u00een mi\u0219care.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Oasele<\/h2>\n<p>Oasele sunt o form\u0103 de \u021besut conjunctiv extrem de specializat, const\u00e2nd dintr-un amestec de matrice organic\u0103 dens\u0103 \u0219i o component\u0103 mineral\u0103 anorganic\u0103. Acestea se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin duritatea \u0219i rezisten\u021ba lor mecanic\u0103. \u00cen func\u021bie de form\u0103, oasele pot fi \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een oase lungi, oase plate, oase scurte \u0219i oase neregulate.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Articula\u021biile<\/h2>\n<p>Articula\u021biile reprezint\u0103 un set de elemente (\u021besut fibros \u0219i\/sau cartilaj, ligamente, capsule, membrane) care regleaz\u0103 leg\u0103tura dintre dou\u0103 sau mai multe suprafe\u021be osoase. Oasele principale care formeaz\u0103 articula\u021bii includ urm\u0103toarele: articula\u021biile sinoviale (ca genunchiul, \u00eencheietura m\u00e2inii, um\u0103rul, cotul, glezna \u0219i articula\u021biile \u0219oldului), articula\u021biile semi-mobile (cum e cazul coloanei vertebrale) sau articula\u021biile fixe (la oaselor craniului sau pelvisului). \u00cen func\u021bie de zona pe care o deservesc, mi\u0219c\u0103rile mai mult sau mai pu\u021bin extinse ale articula\u021biilor pot ajuta la aigurarea stabilit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Mu\u0219chii<\/h2>\n<p>Un mu\u0219chi este un \u021besut moale, compus din fibre speciale (cunoscute sub numele de fibre musculare), echipate cu capacitate contractil\u0103. \u00cen interiorul corpului uman, exist\u0103 dou\u0103 tipuri majore de mu\u0219chi: mu\u0219chii scheletici (cunoscu\u021bi \u0219i sub denumirea de &#8220;ro\u0219ii&#8221; sau &#8220;voluntari\u201d), care sunt controla\u021bi de voin\u021ba persoanei \u00een cauz\u0103; \u0219i mu\u0219chii netezi (cunoscu\u021bi \u0219i sub numele de &#8220;albi&#8221; sau &#8220;involuntari&#8221;), a c\u0103ror activitate contractil\u0103 este autonom\u0103 \u0219i independent\u0103 de voin\u021ba persoanei. Un alt tip de mu\u0219chi este reprezentat de mu\u0219chiul inimii, denumit \u0219i &#8220;mu\u0219chi cardiac&#8221; sau &#8220;miocard&#8221;, ale c\u0103rui propriet\u0103\u021bi sunt destul de neobi\u0219nuite. \u00cen timp ce caracteristicile sale histologice sunt similare cu cele ale mu\u0219chilor voluntari, acesta func\u021bioneaz\u0103 de fapt ca un mu\u0219chi involuntar sau independent de voin\u021ba persoanei.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Ce func\u021bie \u00eendepline\u0219te sistemul musculo-scheletic?<\/h2>\n<p>Principalele func\u021bii ale sistemului musculo-scheletal includ sus\u021binerea corpului, permi\u021b\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp mi\u0219carea, \u0219i protejarea organelor vitale.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Datorit\u0103 faptului c\u0103 majoritatea sistemelor din corp sunt conectate \u00eentre ele, cum ar fi sistemul vascular, nervos \u0219i tegumentar, bolile dintre aceste sisteme pot afecta \u0219i sistemul musculo-scheletic \u0219i pot complica diagnosticul. Bolile sistemului musculo-scheletal includ \u00een principal tulbur\u0103ri func\u021bionale sau discrepan\u021be de mi\u0219care.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tulbur\u0103ri musculo-scheletale: leziuni sau dureri de articula\u021bii, ligamente, mu\u0219chi \u0219i structuri ale corpului care sus\u021bin membrele, g\u00e2tul \u0219i spatele. Acestea pot provoca simptome precum durerea \u0219i disconfortul, precum \u0219i reducerea capacit\u0103\u021bii de a efectua activit\u0103\u021bile obi\u0219nuitee. C\u00e2teva exemple includ sindromul de tunel carpian, bursita, tenosinovita \u0219i tendinita.<\/p>\n<p>Leziuni musculo-scheletice: leziuni care implic\u0103 mu\u0219chii, vasele de s\u00e2nge, nervii, oasele, tendoanele \u0219i alte \u021besuturi moi. Cele mai frecvente dintre aceste leziuni sunt cunoscute sub denumirea de accident\u0103ri repetate cauzate de efort. C\u00e2teva exemple includ sindromul de tunel carpian, cotul tenismenului sau dureri nespecifice ale membrelor superioare.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen func\u021bie de leziune, de severitatea st\u0103rii persoanei afectate, de starea de s\u0103n\u0103tate a acesteia, precum \u0219i de preferin\u021bele proprii, se poate determina cea mai adecvat\u0103 form\u0103 de tratament \u0219i se pot preveni \u0219i alte complica\u021bii.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","wiki-categories":[1691],"wiki-types":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sistemul musculo-scheletic - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/sistemul-musculo-scheletic\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sistemul musculo-scheletic - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ce este sistemul musculo-scheletic? Sistemul musculo-scheletic este un set de oase, articula\u021bii \u0219i structuri musculare care formeaz\u0103, ap\u0103r\u0103 \u0219i sprijin\u0103 mi\u0219carea corpului. Este cel mai voluminos sistem al corpului uman \u0219i reprezint\u0103 aproximativ 80% din greutatea total\u0103. 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Sistemul musculo-scheletic este un set de oase, articula\u021bii \u0219i structuri musculare care formeaz\u0103, ap\u0103r\u0103 \u0219i sprijin\u0103 mi\u0219carea corpului. Este cel mai voluminos sistem al corpului uman \u0219i reprezint\u0103 aproximativ 80% din greutatea total\u0103. 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