{"id":50334,"date":"2018-05-15T12:31:34","date_gmt":"2018-05-15T12:31:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=wiki&p=50334"},"modified":"2018-05-15T12:31:34","modified_gmt":"2018-05-15T12:31:34","slug":"ureterele","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/ureterele\/","title":{"rendered":"Ureterele"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ureterul este un tub fibros muscular, cu o lungime de 41 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 46 cm, prin care urina trece de la rinichi la vezic\u0103. Prezent la fiecare dintre cei doi rinichi, mu\u0219chiul mucosal al ductului poate fi divizat \u00een mod ideal \u00eentr-o por\u021biune abdominal\u0103 \u0219i o por\u021biune pelvian\u0103 (deoarece provine din abdomen \u0219i se termin\u0103 \u00een vezica urinar\u0103). \u00cen timp ce urina este produs\u0103 de fiecare dintre rinichi, aceasta trece \u00een cele din urm\u0103 \u00een ureter, care, contract\u00e2ndu-se ritmic, for\u021beaz\u0103 urina s\u0103 se deplaseze \u0219i o gole\u0219te \u00een jeturi \u00een vezica urinar\u0103. Dup\u0103 ce este depozitat\u0103 temporar \u00een vezic\u0103, urina va ie\u0219i din corp prin uretr\u0103. Ocazional, un mic calcul sau piatr\u0103 se poate forma \u00een rinichi \u0219i va trece \u00een cele din urm\u0103 \u00eentr-un ureter, bloc\u00e2ndu-l, lucru cunoscut sub numele de piatr\u0103 la rinichi.<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

Ce sunt ureterele?<\/h2>\n

Ureterele sunt canalele care permit trecerea urinei de la rinichi la vezica urinar\u0103. Fiecare tub este compus dintr-un strat muscular, fibros, \u0219i un \u00eenveli\u0219 din mucus, \u0219i se \u00eemparte \u00eentr-o parte abdominal\u0103 \u0219i o parte pelvian\u0103. Partea abdominal\u0103 se afl\u0103 \u00een spatele peritoneului, \u00een partea de mijloc a mu\u0219chiului psoas major, \u0219i intr\u0103 \u00een cavitatea pelvian\u0103 printr-o bifurca\u021bie, care este fie \u00eenceputul arterei iliace externe, fie terminarea arterei iliace comune. Ureterul la b\u0103rba\u021bi (\u00een partea pelvian\u0103) se \u00eentinde de-a lungul peretelui lateral al cavit\u0103\u021bii pelviene \u0219i ajunge la unghiul final al vezicii urinare chiar sub v\u00e2rful superior al veziculei seminale. La femei, partea pelvian\u0103 a ureterelor creeaz\u0103 limita posterioar\u0103 a fosei ovariene \u0219i trece medial \u0219i ventral pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 partea superioar\u0103 a vaginului. Urina este pompat\u0103 prin uretere prin unde peristaltice, care apar \u00een medie de trei ori \u00eentr-un minut.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cele dou\u0103 uretere sunt aranjate pe p\u0103r\u021bile laterale ale coloanei vertebrale, pe vertical\u0103. Diametrul lor m\u0103soar\u0103 aproximativ un centimetru, \u00een timp ce lungimea este de aproximativ 25 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 30 cm. Intern, acestea sunt acoperite de un perete de mucoas\u0103, ce intr\u0103 \u00een contact cu urina, este, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, acoperit\u0103 de o tunic\u0103 muscular\u0103, care prin contractare determin\u0103 expulzarea urinei \u00een vezic\u0103. Fiecare ureter are \u00een cap\u0103tul inferior, \u00een zona de ie\u0219ire din spate, un perete al vezicii urinare, care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca o supap\u0103, permi\u021b\u00e2nd curgerea urinei \u00een vezic\u0103, dar \u00eempiedic\u00e2nd calea invers\u0103 – curgerea urinei \u00eenapoi \u00een rinichi. \u00cen ciuda modului \u00een care organismul uman este conceput, s\u0103 aib\u0103 doar un ureter pentru fiecare rinichi, duplicitatea ureteral\u0103 – \u0219i anume prezen\u021ba a dou\u0103 uretere pentru un rinichi – este o malforma\u021bie congenital\u0103, care afecteaz\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 0,8% din popula\u021bie, iar acest lucru de cele mai multe ori nu genereaz\u0103 probleme grave de s\u0103n\u0103tate, \u0219i nici nu afecteaz\u0103 nivelul de func\u021bionalitate.<\/p>\n

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Printre bolile care afecteaz\u0103 ureterul, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 cele care afecteaz\u0103 peretele ureteral (inclusiv inflama\u021bia \u0219i malforma\u021biile), se num\u0103r\u0103 calculoza \u0219i neoplasmele. Bolile organelor vecine, cum ar fi cancerul sau scleroza, pot afecta ureterul \u0219i pot provoca un efect asupra st\u0103rii generale a pacientului (adic\u0103 durerea chinuitoare).<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

Ce func\u021bie \u00eendepline\u0219te ureterul?<\/h2>\n

Func\u021bia ureterelor este de a transporta urina produs\u0103 de rinichi de la pelvisul renal p\u00e2n\u0103 la vezica urinar\u0103.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","wiki-categories":[1691],"wiki-types":[],"yoast_head":"\nUreterele - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/ureterele\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ureterele - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ureterul este un tub fibros muscular, cu o lungime de 41 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 46 cm, prin care urina trece de la rinichi la vezic\u0103. 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