{"id":36589,"date":"2017-05-23T13:32:41","date_gmt":"2017-05-23T13:32:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitas.local\/diseases\/fistula-arteriovenoasa-av\/"},"modified":"2017-05-23T13:32:41","modified_gmt":"2017-05-23T13:32:41","slug":"fistula-arteriovenoasa-av","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/diseases\/fistula-arteriovenoasa-av\/","title":{"rendered":"Fistula arteriovenoas\u0103 (AV)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fistula arteriovenoas\u0103 (AV) este o leg\u0103tur\u0103 anormal\u0103 între o arter\u0103 \u0219i o ven\u0103. În mod normal, sângele curge de la artere la capilare \u0219i la vene. Nutrien\u021bii \u0219i oxigenul din sânge se deplaseaz\u0103 de la capilare la \u021besuturile din organism. În caz de fistul\u0103 arteriovenoas\u0103, sângele curge direct dintr-o arter\u0103 într-o ven\u0103, ocolind unele capilare. Când se întâmpl\u0103 acest lucru, \u021besuturile de sub vasele capilare ocolite primesc o cantitate redus\u0103 de sânge.
\nFistulele arteriovenoase apar de obicei la picioare, dar se pot dezvolta oriunde în organism. Fistulele arteriovenoase sunt adesea create chirurgical pentru a fi utilizate în dializ\u0103 la persoanele cu afec\u021biuni renale severe. O fistul\u0103 arteriovenoas\u0103 mare netratat\u0103 poate duce la complica\u021bii grave. Dac\u0103 a\u021bi avut o fistul\u0103 arteriovenoas\u0103 creat\u0103 pentru dializ\u0103, ve\u021bi fi monitoriza\u021bi pentru eventuale complica\u021bii.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptome<\/h2>\n

Fistulele arteriovenoase mici la nivelul picioarelor, bra\u021belor, pl\u0103mânilor, rinichilor sau creierului nu prezint\u0103 semne \u0219i simptome \u0219i de obicei nu necesit\u0103 alt tratament decât monitorizarea de c\u0103tre medic. Fistulele arteriovenoase mai mari pot prezenta semne \u0219i simptome.
\nSemnele \u0219i simptomele fistulei arteriovenoase pot include:
\nUmflarea bra\u021belor sau picioarelor
\nVene umflate purpurii care se pot vedea prin piele, asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu venele varicoase
\nSc\u0103derea tensiunii arteriale
\nOboseal\u0103
\nInsuficien\u021b\u0103 cardiac\u0103<\/p>\n

O fistul\u0103 arteriovenoas\u0103 la pl\u0103mâni (fistul\u0103 pulmonar\u0103 arteriovenoas\u0103) este o afec\u021biune grav\u0103 \u0219i poate provoca:
\nTent\u0103 alb\u0103struie a pielii (cianoza)
\nTremurul degetelor
\nTuse cu sânge.
\nO fistul\u0103 arteriovenoas\u0103 în tractul gastrointestinal poate provoca sânger\u0103ri în cadrul tractului digestiv.<\/p>\n

\nCauze<\/h2>\n

Cauzele fistulelor arteriovenoase includ:
\nCateterizarea cardiac\u0103
\nAccident\u0103ri care str\u0103pung pielea
\nFistula arteriovenoas\u0103 congenital\u0103
\nAfec\u021biunile genetice
\nCrearea chirurgical\u0103 (procedura de creare a fistulei AV).
\nCrearea unei fistule arteriovenoase l\u0103rge\u0219te vena prin conectarea acesteia la o arter\u0103 din apropiere, ceea ce face mai u\u0219oar\u0103 inserarea unui ac pentru dializ\u0103, determinând fluxul sanguin s\u0103 fie mai rapid. Aceast\u0103 fistul\u0103 AV este de obicei creat\u0103 în antebra\u021b.<\/p>\n

\nFactori de risc<\/h2>\n

Factorii de risc sunt lega\u021bi de cauze, a\u0219a c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 fi\u021bi precau\u021bi pentru a le elimina atunci când insera\u021bi ace sau s\u0103 fi\u021bi precau\u021bi pentru a v\u0103 proteja împotriva r\u0103nilor.<\/p>\n

\nComplica\u0163ii<\/h2>\n

L\u0103sat\u0103 netratat\u0103, o fistul\u0103 arteriovenoas\u0103 poate provoca complica\u021bii, dintre care unele pot fi grave. Acestea includ:
\nInsuficien\u021b\u0103 cardiac\u0103
\nCheaguri de sânge
\nDureri de picioare
\nSângerare<\/p>\n

\nPrevenire<\/h2>\n

Pentru a preveni fistulele arteriovenoase, oamenii trebuie s\u0103 fie aten\u021bi în privin\u021ba leziunilor, iar personalul medical trebuie s\u0103 fie atent cu acele, cu\u021bitul \u0219i foarfeca.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"\nFistula arteriovenoas\u0103 (AV) - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/diseases\/fistula-arteriovenoasa-av\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fistula arteriovenoas\u0103 (AV) - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Fistula arteriovenoas\u0103 (AV) este o leg\u0103tur\u0103 anormal\u0103 între o arter\u0103 \u0219i o ven\u0103. În mod normal, sângele curge de la artere la capilare \u0219i la vene. Nutrien\u021bii \u0219i oxigenul din sânge se deplaseaz\u0103 de la capilare la \u021besuturile din organism. În caz de fistul\u0103 arteriovenoas\u0103, sângele curge direct dintr-o arter\u0103 într-o ven\u0103, ocolind unele capilare. 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În mod normal, sângele curge de la artere la capilare \u0219i la vene. Nutrien\u021bii \u0219i oxigenul din sânge se deplaseaz\u0103 de la capilare la \u021besuturile din organism. În caz de fistul\u0103 arteriovenoas\u0103, sângele curge direct dintr-o arter\u0103 într-o ven\u0103, ocolind unele capilare. 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