{"id":36513,"date":"2017-05-12T13:32:52","date_gmt":"2017-05-12T13:32:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitas.local\/diseases\/cataracta\/"},"modified":"2017-05-12T13:32:52","modified_gmt":"2017-05-12T13:32:52","slug":"cataracta","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/diseases\/cataracta\/","title":{"rendered":"Cataracta"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cataracta este o boal\u0103 ocular\u0103 &icirc;n care lentila ochiului devine tulbure sau opac\u0103, determin&acirc;nd o diminuare a vederii. Majoritatea cataractelor progreseaz\u0103 &icirc;ncet \u0219i la &icirc;nceput nu afecteaz\u0103 vederea. Dar cu timpul, &icirc;n cele din urm\u0103 cataracta va afecta vederea. Pentru persoanele care au cataract\u0103, s\u0103 vezi prin lentile tulburi este ca \u0219i cum s-ar uita printr-o fereastr\u0103 &icirc;nghe\u021bat\u0103 sau &icirc;nce\u021bo\u0219at\u0103. Vederea obstruc\u021bionat\u0103 cauzat\u0103 de cataract\u0103 poate face ca cititul s\u0103 fie mai dificil, condusul unei ma\u0219ini sau chiar observarea expresiei de pe fa\u021ba cuiva.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Simptome<\/h2>\n<p>La &icirc;nceput, &icirc;nce\u021bo\u0219area vederii cauzat\u0103 de cataract\u0103 poate afecta doar o mic\u0103 parte a lentilei ochiului, \u0219i este posibil ca pacientul s\u0103 nu observe niciun simptom. Astfel, pacientul nu va fi prea cur&acirc;nd con\u0219tient de pierderea vederii. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce cataracta progreseaz\u0103, se observ\u0103 sc\u0103derea clarit\u0103\u021bii vederii, care nu poate fi complet corectat\u0103 cu ochelari. Se observ\u0103 o diminuare a observ\u0103rii contrastelor, astfel &icirc;nc&acirc;t umbrele \u0219i vederea &icirc;n culori vor fi mai pu\u021bin vii, iar vederea pe timp de noapte va fi diminuat\u0103. &Icirc;n anumite tipuri de cataract\u0103, se poate observa vederea dubl\u0103 la nivelul ochiului afectat. Unii pacien\u021bi au remarcat c\u0103 au nevoie de schimb\u0103ri frecvente &icirc;n prescrip\u021biile lor pentru ochelari de vedere sau lentile de contact \u0219i de asemenea, au observat c\u0103 vederea de aproape se &icirc;mbun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te, &icirc;n timp ce vederea la distan\u021b\u0103 se diminueaz\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>&Icirc;n mod obi\u0219nuit, cataracta nu provoac\u0103 disconfort sau durere la ochi \u0219i nici nu modific\u0103 aspectul exterior al ochiului.<\/p>\n<h2>\nCauze<\/h2>\n<p>Majoritatea cataractelor se dezvolt\u0103 odat\u0103 cu &icirc;mb\u0103tr&acirc;nirea sau &icirc;n cazul unor r\u0103ni care provoac\u0103 schimb\u0103ri la \u021besutul care formeaz\u0103 lentilele ochiului. Exist\u0103 numeroase cauze de cataract\u0103 care nu au leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu v&acirc;rsta, ci sunt rezultatul unor modific\u0103ri la nivelul lentilei, av&acirc;nd ca rezultat estomparea vederii sau pierderea vederii. Unele cataracte implic\u0103 anumite tulbur\u0103ri genetice mo\u0219tenite ce cauzeaz\u0103 \u0219i alte probleme de s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i cresc riscul de a suferi de cataract\u0103. Cataracta poate fi cauzat\u0103 \u0219i de alte afec\u021biuni ale ochilor, de afec\u021biuni medicale cum ar fi diabetul, diverse traumatisme sau interven\u021bii chirurgicale la ochi din trecut. Utilizarea pe termen lung a medicamentelor cu steroizi poate provoca de asemenea apari\u021bia cataractei.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Complica\u0163ii<\/h2>\n<p>Ocazional, o cataract\u0103 grav\u0103 de durat\u0103 lung\u0103 se poate m\u0103ri \u0219i poate interfera cu drenajul fluidelor de la ochi. &Icirc;n plus, o cataract\u0103 foarte avansat\u0103 poate duce la scurgerea proteinelor &icirc;n interiorul ochilor, provoc&acirc;nd inflama\u021bia.<\/p>\n<h2>\nFactori de risc<\/h2>\n<p>Factorii care sporesc riscul de cataract\u0103 sunt:<br \/>\n&Icirc;naintarea &icirc;n v&acirc;rst\u0103<br \/>\nDiabetul<br \/>\nConsumul excesiv de alcool<br \/>\nExpunerea excesiv\u0103 la lumina soarelui<br \/>\nExpunerea la radia\u021bii ionizante<br \/>\nIstoric familial de cataract\u0103<br \/>\nTensiune arterial\u0103 crescut\u0103<br \/>\nObezitatea<br \/>\nLeziuni oculare anterioare sau inflama\u021bii<br \/>\nChirurgia anterioar\u0103 a ochilor<br \/>\nUtilizarea prelungit\u0103 a medicamentelor cu corticosteroizi<br \/>\nFumatul<\/p>\n<h2>\nProfilaxie<\/h2>\n<p>Niciun studiu nu a ar\u0103tat o metod\u0103 de prevenire a cataractei sau de &icirc;ncetinire a progresiei cataractei. Cu toate acestea, medicii cred c\u0103 mai multe strategii pot fi de ajutor, \u0219i anume:<br \/>\nControale medicale regulate la ochi<br \/>\nRenun\u021barea la fumat<br \/>\nReducerea consumului de alcool<br \/>\nPurtarea ochelarilor de soare<br \/>\nGestionarea celorlalte probleme de s\u0103n\u0103tate<br \/>\nMen\u021binerea unei greut\u0103\u021bi s\u0103n\u0103toase<br \/>\nAlegerea unei diete s\u0103n\u0103toase care include o mul\u021bime de fructe \u0219i legume.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Cataracta - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/diseases\/cataracta\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cataracta - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cataracta este o boal\u0103 ocular\u0103 &icirc;n care lentila ochiului devine tulbure sau opac\u0103, determin&acirc;nd o diminuare a vederii. Majoritatea cataractelor progreseaz\u0103 &icirc;ncet \u0219i la &icirc;nceput nu afecteaz\u0103 vederea. Dar cu timpul, &icirc;n cele din urm\u0103 cataracta va afecta vederea. 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Majoritatea cataractelor progreseaz\u0103 &icirc;ncet \u0219i la &icirc;nceput nu afecteaz\u0103 vederea. Dar cu timpul, &icirc;n cele din urm\u0103 cataracta va afecta vederea. 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