{"id":36283,"date":"2017-05-22T11:54:21","date_gmt":"2017-05-22T11:54:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitas.local\/diseases\/ischemie-intestinala\/"},"modified":"2017-05-22T11:54:21","modified_gmt":"2017-05-22T11:54:21","slug":"ischemie-intestinala","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/diseases\/ischemie-intestinala\/","title":{"rendered":"Ischemie intestinal\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ischemia intestinal\u0103 apare c&acirc;nd arterele intestinelor sunt blocate sau &icirc;ngustate, diminu&acirc;nd circula\u021bia s&acirc;ngelui. Poate afecta intestinul sub\u021bire, gros sau ambele. Circula\u021bia s&acirc;ngelui diminuat\u0103 poate provoca durere \u0219i afectarea permanent\u0103 a intestinelor.<\/p>\n<p>Ischemia intestinal\u0103 acut\u0103 este un caz de urgen\u021b\u0103, cu pierdere mare a circula\u021biei s&acirc;ngelui care necesit\u0103 opera\u021bie imediat\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Ischemia cronic\u0103 intestinal\u0103 care apare &icirc;n timp necesit\u0103 tratament pentru a nu deveni acut\u0103 sau s\u0103 nu aib\u0103 ca rezultat pierderea &icirc;n greutate \u0219i &icirc;nfometarea.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Simptome<\/h2>\n<p>Simptomele pot s\u0103 apar\u0103 brusc (acut\u0103) sau treptat &icirc;n timp (cronic\u0103):<\/p>\n<p>Simptomele ischemiei acute intestinale<\/p>\n<p>Abdomen umflat<\/p>\n<p>Durere brusc\u0103 a abdomenului care poate fi de la u\u0219oar\u0103 la sever\u0103<\/p>\n<p>Mi\u0219c\u0103ri frecvente ale intestinului<\/p>\n<p>S&acirc;nge &icirc;n scaun<\/p>\n<p>Vom\u0103, grea\u021b\u0103<\/p>\n<p>Temperatur\u0103 ridicat\u0103<\/p>\n<p>Simptomele ischemiei intestinale cronice<\/p>\n<p>Spasme abdominale care pot dura de la 30 de minute dup\u0103 mas\u0103 la 1 sau 3 ore<\/p>\n<p>Durere &icirc;n abdomen care se &icirc;nr\u0103ut\u0103\u021be\u0219te treptat pentru s\u0103pt\u0103m&acirc;ni sau luni<\/p>\n<p>Nem&acirc;ncat regulat din cauza durerii care urmeaz\u0103 dup\u0103 mas\u0103<\/p>\n<p>Pierdere neinten\u021bionat\u0103 &icirc;n greutate<\/p>\n<p>Diaree<\/p>\n<p>Boal\u0103 \u0219i vom\u0103<\/p>\n<p>Umflarea abdomenului<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Cauze<\/h2>\n<p>C&acirc;nd circula\u021bia s&acirc;ngelui c\u0103tre intestine este diminuat\u0103 sau oprit\u0103, apare ischemia intestinal\u0103. Din cauza circula\u021biei sc\u0103zute a s&acirc;ngelui, celulele din sistemul digestiv nu au oxigen, astfel c\u0103 devin slabe \u0219i mor din cauza afect\u0103rii intestinului.<\/p>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 se &icirc;mparte &icirc;n c&acirc;teva categorii dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103:<\/p>\n<p>Ischemia colonului (ischemia colitis)<\/p>\n<p>Unii factori care pot cre\u0219te riscul ischemiei colonului sunt:<\/p>\n<p>Ateroscleroza &ndash; acumularea de depuneri de gr\u0103sime pe pere\u021bii unei artere<\/p>\n<p>Hipotensiunea &ndash; tensiunea arterial\u0103 foarte sc\u0103zut\u0103 (aferent\u0103 insuficien\u021bei cardiace, opera\u021bie major\u0103, traum\u0103 sau \u0219oc)<\/p>\n<p>Cheag de s&acirc;nge &icirc;n artera care alimenteaz\u0103 colonul<\/p>\n<p>Obstruc\u021bia intestinului provocat\u0103 de hernie, cicatrizarea \u021besutului sau tumoare<\/p>\n<p>Alte boli medicale care afecteaz\u0103 s&acirc;ngele, cum ar fi inflamarea vaselor de s&acirc;nge (vasculit\u0103), lupus sau anemie<\/p>\n<p>Opera\u021bia care implic\u0103 inima sau vasele de s&acirc;nge sau sistemele ginecologice sau digestive<\/p>\n<p>Unele medicamente care afecteaz\u0103 vasele de s&acirc;nge, cum ar fi medicamentele de inim\u0103, migrene \u0219i hormonale.<\/p>\n<p>Utilizarea de cocain\u0103 sau metamfetamin\u0103<\/p>\n<p>Ischemie acuzat\u0103 mezenteric\u0103<\/p>\n<p>Ischemia acut\u0103 mezenteric\u0103 apare pe nea\u0219teptate afect&acirc;nd intestinul sub\u021bire. Poate s\u0103 apar\u0103 din cauza:<\/p>\n<p>Unui cheag de s&acirc;nge care blocheaz\u0103 artera care duce la intestinul sub\u021bire.<\/p>\n<p>Un blocaj al arterei intestinale care &icirc;ncetine\u0219te sau opre\u0219te circula\u021bia s&acirc;ngelui, deseori av&acirc;nd ca rezultat acumularea de depuneri de gr\u0103sime pe peretele arterei (ateroscleroz\u0103)<\/p>\n<p>Tensiunea arterial\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 din cauza oric\u0103rui tip de \u0219oc, insuficien\u021b\u0103 cardiac\u0103, anumite medicamente sau insuficien\u021b\u0103 cronic\u0103 renal\u0103 (Este mai comun\u0103 la oamenii care sufer\u0103 de alte boli serioase).<\/p>\n<p>Tromboza venoas\u0103 mezenteric\u0103<\/p>\n<p>Apare dup\u0103 ce apare un cheag de s&acirc;nge &icirc;n ven\u0103. Poate s\u0103 apar\u0103 \u0219i ca rezultatul:<\/p>\n<p>Unei inflam\u0103ri acute sau cronice a pancreasului (pancreatit\u0103)<\/p>\n<p>Infec\u021biei abdomenului<\/p>\n<p>Cancerului sistemului digestive<\/p>\n<p>Bolilor de intestin<\/p>\n<p>Unor boli care fac ca s&acirc;ngele s\u0103 coaguleze mai repede<\/p>\n<p>Traumelor abdominale<\/p>\n<p>Unor terapii hormonale<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Factori de risc<\/h2>\n<p>Factorii care pot cre\u0219te riscul sunt:<\/p>\n<p>Depunerile de gr\u0103simi din artere (ateroscleroz\u0103)<\/p>\n<p>Tensiune arterial\u0103 (prea ridicat\u0103 sau prea sc\u0103zut\u0103)<\/p>\n<p>Probleme cardiace (insuficien\u021b\u0103 cardiac\u0103 congestiv\u0103 sau b\u0103t\u0103i neregulate de inim\u0103)<\/p>\n<p>Medicamente (anticoncep\u021bionale \u0219i terapii care pot cauza extinderea vaselor de s&acirc;nge cu contractarea acestora, \u0219i unele pastile folosite pentru alergii \u0219i migrene)<\/p>\n<p>Problemele de coagulare a s&acirc;ngelui<\/p>\n<p>Utilizarea drogurilor ilegale<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Complica\u021bii<\/h2>\n<p>Complica\u021biile care pot s\u0103 apar\u0103 sunt:<\/p>\n<p>Moartea \u021besutului intestinal<\/p>\n<p>&Icirc;ngustarea colonului<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Prevenirea<\/h2>\n<p>Pacientul trebuie s\u0103 acorde aten\u021bie urm\u0103toarele m\u0103suri de prevenire:<\/p>\n<p>Exerci\u021bii regulate<\/p>\n<p>Men\u021binerea unei greut\u0103\u021bi s\u0103n\u0103toase printr-o diet\u0103 cu multe fructe, legume \u0219i cereale<\/p>\n<p>Fumatul interzis<\/p>\n<p>Controlarea altor probleme de s\u0103n\u0103tate<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ischemie intestinal\u0103 - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/diseases\/ischemie-intestinala\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ischemie intestinal\u0103 - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ischemia intestinal\u0103 apare c&acirc;nd arterele intestinelor sunt blocate sau &icirc;ngustate, diminu&acirc;nd circula\u021bia s&acirc;ngelui. 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