{"id":36280,"date":"2017-03-30T15:47:04","date_gmt":"2017-03-30T15:47:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitas.local\/diseases\/osteomielita\/"},"modified":"2017-03-30T15:47:04","modified_gmt":"2017-03-30T15:47:04","slug":"osteomielita","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/diseases\/osteomielita\/","title":{"rendered":"Osteomielita"},"content":{"rendered":"

Osteomielita<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

Osteomielita este o afec\u021biune a oaselor. Infec\u021bia poeta s\u0103 înceap\u0103 fie în os, sau poate trece la os prin circuitul de sânge sau de la un \u021besut apropiat.<\/p>\n

Osteomielita poate fi:<\/p>\n

acut\u0103 – când infec\u0163ia se dezvolt\u0103 în urma unei r\u0103ni, infec\u0163ii sau st\u0103ri, \u015fi cronic\u0103 – atunci când starea revine în mod regulat<\/p>\n

Osteomielita, de cele mai multe ori, afecteaz\u0103 oasele lungi ale picioarelor \u015fi bra\u0163elor superioare la copii, \u015fi oasele coloanei vertebrale la adul\u0163i. Oamenii care au diabet pot dezvolta osteomielita la nivelul picioarelor dac\u0103 au ulcer la picior.<\/p>\n

În trecut, aceast\u0103 condi\u0163ie era incurabil\u0103. Ast\u0103zi este tratat\u0103 cu succes.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptome<\/h2>\n

Simptomele osteomielitei acute, care se dezvolt\u0103 într-o s\u0103pt\u0103mân\u0103, sunt:<\/p>\n

Temperatur\u0103 ridicat\u0103, iritabilitate, oboseal\u0103<\/p>\n

Umfl\u0103turi, înro\u015firi, c\u0103ldur\u0103 în zona infec\u0163iei în jurul zonei afectate<\/p>\n

Durere intens\u0103<\/p>\n

Durere sever\u0103 de spate dac\u0103 osteomielita afecteaz\u0103 coloana vertebral\u0103<\/p>\n

Simptomele osteomielitei acute \u015fi cronice sunt foarte asem\u0103n\u0103toare<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cauze<\/h2>\n

Cauza osteomielitei, de cele mai multe ori, o reprezint\u0103 bacteria numit\u0103 Stafilococ auriu. Exist\u0103 multe moduri prin care poate fi luat\u0103 bacteria, cum ar fi opera\u0163ia sau r\u0103nirea, boli care cauz\u0103 probleme de circula\u0163ie (diabet, afec\u0163iune arterial\u0103 periferic\u0103, boala celulelor secer\u0103), alte situa\u0163ii în care sunt necesare cateterele, sistem imunitar sl\u0103bit (din cauza tratamentului pentru cancer, HIV sau transplant de organe), sau medicamente interzise (folosirea acelor nesterile).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Factorii de risc<\/h2>\n

Factorii de risc ai osteomielitei sunt:<\/p>\n

Diabetul<\/p>\n

Hemodializa<\/p>\n

Circula\u0163ia defectuoas\u0103 a sângelui<\/p>\n

Opera\u0163ii sau r\u0103ni recente<\/p>\n

Folosirea de medicamente injectabile interzise<\/p>\n

Sistem imunitar sl\u0103bit<\/p>\n

Dependen\u0163a de alcool<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Complica\u0163ii<\/h2>\n

Complica\u0163iile osteomielitei pot avea loc în cazurile cronice \u015fi severe, \u015fi acestea includ:<\/p>\n

Osteonecroza – os mort, de vreme ce nu exist\u0103 circula\u0163ie în acel os<\/p>\n

Artrit\u0103 septic\u0103 – atunci când infec\u0163ia s-a r\u0103spândit la o încheietur\u0103 apropiat\u0103<\/p>\n

Cre\u015fterea deteriorat\u0103 în cazul copiilor, în cazul în care capetele oaselor lungi sunt afectate<\/p>\n

Cancerul de piele – în caz de r\u0103ni deschise<\/p>\n

 <\/h2>\n

Prevenire<\/h2>\n

Cea mai bun\u0103 metod\u0103 de a preveni osteomielita este aceea de a p\u0103stra totul curat. Dac\u0103 este o t\u0103ietur\u0103, trebuie sp\u0103lat\u0103 complet \u015fi bandajat\u0103 cu bandaje sterile. În cazul diabeticilor, trebuie s\u0103 existe mare grij\u0103 fa\u0163\u0103 de infec\u0163ii, recomandându-se consultarea medicului.<\/p>\n

În cazul osteomielitei acute, scopul este acela de a preveni întoarcerea st\u0103rii la o problem\u0103 cronic\u0103, ceea ce necesit\u0103 tratament continuu. În osteomielita cronic\u0103, starea poate fi \u0163inut\u0103 sub control.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"\nOsteomielita - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/diseases\/osteomielita\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Osteomielita - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Osteomielita   Osteomielita este o afec\u021biune a oaselor. Infec\u021bia poeta s\u0103 înceap\u0103 fie în os, sau poate trece la os prin circuitul de sânge sau de la un \u021besut apropiat. 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