{"id":36173,"date":"2017-05-17T14:18:42","date_gmt":"2017-05-17T14:18:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitas.local\/diseases\/glomerulonefrita\/"},"modified":"2017-05-17T14:18:42","modified_gmt":"2017-05-17T14:18:42","slug":"glomerulonefrita","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/diseases\/glomerulonefrita\/","title":{"rendered":"Glomerulonefrita"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Glomerulonefrita este inflama\u021bia unor filtre mici &icirc;n rinichi (glomeruli). Glomerulele elimin\u0103 excesul de lichid, electroli\u021bii \u0219i de\u0219eurile din fluxul sanguin \u0219i le transmit &icirc;n urin\u0103. Glomerulonefrita poate fi acut\u0103 sau cronic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Glomerulonefrita primar\u0103 apare singur\u0103, &icirc;n timp ce glomerulonefrita secundar\u0103 poate fi rezultatul unei afec\u021biuni subiacente, cum ar fi lupusul sau diabetul. O inflama\u021bie sever\u0103 sau prelungit\u0103 poate afecta rinichii.<\/p>\n<p>Tratamentul pentru glomerulonefrit\u0103 depinde de tipul de glomerulonefrit\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Simptome<\/h2>\n<p>Simptomele glomerulonefritei includ:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Urina roz sau cola colorat\u0103 din globule ro\u0219ii &icirc;n urin\u0103 (hematurie)<\/li>\n<li>Spum\u0103 urin\u0103 din cauza proteinelor &icirc;n exces (proteinurie)<\/li>\n<li>Tensiune arterial\u0103 crescut\u0103 (hipertensiune arterial\u0103)<\/li>\n<li>Reten\u021bie de lichide (edem) cu umfl\u0103turi la nivelul fe\u021bei, m&acirc;inilor, picioarelor \u0219i abdomenului<\/li>\n<li>Oboseal\u0103 din cauza anemiei sau insuficien\u021bei renale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Cauze<\/h2>\n<p>Glomerulonefrita poate fi cauzat\u0103 de numeroase afec\u021biuni, de\u0219i uneori cauza este necunoscut\u0103. Condi\u021biile care duc la inflamarea glomerulilor includ:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Infec\u021bii<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Glomerulonefrita post-streptococic\u0103: Glomerulonefrita se poate dezvolta dup\u0103 recuperarea de la o infec\u021bie a g&acirc;tului streptococ sau o infec\u021bie a pielii (impetigo). Anticorpii extra produ\u0219i se pot depune &icirc;n glomeruli \u0219i pot provoca inflama\u021bii. Copiii prezint\u0103 un risc mai mare de a dezvolta glomerulonefrit\u0103 post-streptococic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Endocardita bacterian\u0103: Bacteriile se pot r\u0103sp&acirc;ndi uneori &icirc;n fluxul sanguin \u0219i se pot l\u0103sa &icirc;n inim\u0103, provoc&acirc;nd o infec\u021bie a uneia sau mai multor valve de inim\u0103. Endocardita bacterian\u0103 este asociat\u0103 cu boala glomerular\u0103, dar conexiunea exact\u0103 dintre cele dou\u0103 condi\u021bii este neclar\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Infec\u021bii virale: Infec\u021biile virale, cum ar fi HIV \u0219i hepatitele B \u0219i C, pot provoca glomerulonefrit\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bolile imune<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lupus: Lupusul este o boal\u0103 inflamatorie cronic\u0103 care poate afecta pielea, articula\u021biile, rinichii, celulele sanguine, inima \u0219i pl\u0103m&acirc;nii.<\/p>\n<p>Sindromul Goodpasture: Aceasta este o tulburare pulmonar\u0103 imunologic\u0103 rar\u0103 care provoac\u0103 s&acirc;nger\u0103ri la pl\u0103m&acirc;ni, precum \u0219i glomerulonefrit\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Nefropatia cu IgA: aceast\u0103 tulburare este identificat\u0103 prin episoade recurente de s&acirc;nge &icirc;n urin\u0103. Rezult\u0103 din depunerile de imunoglobulin\u0103 A din glomeruli.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vasculita<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Poliarterita: o form\u0103 de vasculit\u0103 care afecteaz\u0103 vasele de s&acirc;nge mici \u0219i medii &icirc;n diferite zone ale corpului, cum ar fi inima, rinichii \u0219i intestinele.<\/p>\n<p>Granulomatoza lui Wegener: Aceast\u0103 form\u0103 de vasculit\u0103 afecteaz\u0103 vasele de s&acirc;nge mici \u0219i medii din pl\u0103m&acirc;ni, c\u0103ile respiratorii superioare \u0219i rinichii.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Condi\u021bii care pot determina cicatrizarea glomerulilor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tensiune arterial\u0103 crescut\u0103: tensiunea arterial\u0103 crescut\u0103 poate afecta rinichii \u0219i poate afecta capacitatea acestora de a func\u021biona. Glomerulonefrita poate provoca, de asemenea, hipertensiune arterial\u0103, deoarece reduce func\u021bia renal\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Boala rinichilor diabetici: Boala diabetic\u0103 rinichi sau nefropatia diabetic\u0103 pot afecta oricine cu diabet zaharat. Controlul regulat al zah\u0103rului din s&acirc;nge \u0219i a tensiunii arteriale poate preveni sau &icirc;ncetini leziunile renale.<\/p>\n<p>Focal glomeruloscleroza segmentar\u0103: Aceast\u0103 afec\u021biune este caracterizat\u0103 de cicatrizarea r\u0103rit\u0103 a unor glomeruli.<\/p>\n<p>Glomerulonefrita cronic\u0103 poate rezulta dup\u0103 glomerulonefrit\u0103 acut\u0103. F\u0103r\u0103 istoricul bolii renale, prima indica\u021bie a glomerulonefritei cronice este insuficien\u021ba renal\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Complica\u021bii<\/h2>\n<p>Glomerulonefrita poate deteriora capacitatea de filtrare a rinichilor, ceea ce poate duce la acumularea de lichide, electroli\u021bi \u0219i de\u0219euri &icirc;n organism.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Complica\u021biile glomerulonefritei includ:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>E\u0219ecul renal acut: deteriorarea func\u021biei de filtrare a nefronului poate determina acumularea rapid\u0103 a de\u0219eurilor, ceea ce necesit\u0103 dializ\u0103 de urgen\u021b\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Boala renal\u0103 cronic\u0103: boala renal\u0103 cronic\u0103 determin\u0103 deteriorarea func\u021biei renale, iar rinichii &icirc;\u0219i pierd treptat capacitatea de filtrare. &Icirc;n cazurile severe, dializa sau transplantul de rinichi sunt necesare pentru a supravie\u021bui.<\/li>\n<li>Tensiunea arterial\u0103 ridicat\u0103: deteriorarea rinichilor \u0219i acumularea de de\u0219euri &icirc;n s&acirc;nge pot determina cre\u0219terea tensiunii arteriale.<\/li>\n<li>Sindromul nefrotic: Sindromul nefrotic se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin prea mult\u0103 protein\u0103 &icirc;n urin\u0103, ceea ce duce la insuficien\u021ba proteinelor &icirc;n s&acirc;nge. Sindromul nefrotic poate fi, de asemenea, legat de colesterolul &icirc;n s&acirc;nge \u0219i de umflarea (edemul) pleoapelor, picioarelor \u0219i abdomenului.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Preven\u021bie<\/h2>\n<p>Urm\u0103toarele m\u0103suri pot ajuta la prevenirea glomerulonefritei:<\/p>\n<p>Tratament prompt pentru infec\u021bia streptococic\u0103<\/p>\n<p>Sexul sigur<\/p>\n<p>Evitarea consumului de droguri intravenoase<\/p>\n<p>Controlul tensiunii arteriale crescute<\/p>\n<p>Controlul zah\u0103rului din s&acirc;nge pentru a preveni nefropatia diabetic\u0103.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Glomerulonefrita - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/diseases\/glomerulonefrita\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Glomerulonefrita - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Glomerulonefrita este inflama\u021bia unor filtre mici &icirc;n rinichi (glomeruli). 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Glomerulele elimin\u0103 excesul de lichid, electroli\u021bii \u0219i de\u0219eurile din fluxul sanguin \u0219i le transmit &icirc;n urin\u0103. Glomerulonefrita poate fi acut\u0103 sau cronic\u0103. Glomerulonefrita primar\u0103 apare singur\u0103, &icirc;n timp ce glomerulonefrita secundar\u0103 poate fi rezultatul unei afec\u021biuni subiacente, cum ar fi lupusul sau diabetul. 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