{"id":36068,"date":"2017-05-17T12:51:36","date_gmt":"2017-05-17T12:51:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitas.local\/diseases\/emfizemul\/"},"modified":"2017-05-17T12:51:36","modified_gmt":"2017-05-17T12:51:36","slug":"emfizemul","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/diseases\/emfizemul\/","title":{"rendered":"Emfizemul"},"content":{"rendered":"

Emfizemul este o form\u0103 de boal\u0103 pulmonar\u0103 pe termen lung. Ea d\u0103uneaz\u0103 c\u0103ilor respiratorii mici (alveole) din pl\u0103mâni \u0219i distruge \u021besutul pulmonar, ceea ce face dificil\u0103 respira\u021bia. Exist\u0103 mai multe cauze pentru emfizem, dar fumatul este de departe cel mai des întâlnit. În emfizem, pere\u021bii interiori ai c\u0103ilor respiratorii sl\u0103besc \u0219i rup, creând un spa\u021biu mare de aer. La rândul s\u0103u, aceasta reduce suprafa\u021ba pl\u0103mânilor \u0219i cantitatea de oxigen care poate ajunge în sânge. Alveolele deteriorate nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 corect, iar aerul vechi devine blocat, f\u0103r\u0103 a l\u0103sa loc pentru a intra în aer proasp\u0103t bogat în oxigen. Op\u021biunile de tratament pentru emfizem pot ajuta la încetinirea progresiei; Cu toate acestea, acest lucru nu este nici un remediu pentru a inversa leziuni la pl\u0103mâni.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptome<\/h2>\n

Principalul simptom al emfizemului este scurtarea respira\u021biei, care începe, de obicei, treptat. Poate începe s\u0103 interfereze cu activit\u0103\u021bile zilnice ale unui individ \u0219i chiar s\u0103 apar\u0103 în timpul odihnei. Alte simptome pot include \u0219uier\u0103turi, oboseal\u0103 \u0219i tuse cronice.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cauze<\/h2>\n

Dup\u0103 expunerea frecvent\u0103 la toxinele de aer, cum ar fi fumul de \u021bigar\u0103, sacii de aer ai pl\u0103mânilor devin inflama\u0163i \u0219i deteriora\u0163i. C\u0103ile respiratorii ale pl\u0103mânilor s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i au propriet\u0103\u021bi elastice; Cu toate acestea, cu expunere continu\u0103 iritant\u0103, ei î\u0219i pot pierde elasticitatea \u0219i pot deveni mai predispu\u0219i la inflama\u021bie \u0219i îngustarea lumenului.<\/p>\n

Cauza principal\u0103 a emfizemului este expunerea pe termen lung la toxice din aer, incluzând:<\/p>\n

·       Fumul de tutun<\/p>\n

·       Marijuana<\/p>\n

·       Poluarea aerului<\/p>\n

·       Fumuri toxice<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Factori de risc<\/h2>\n

Factorii care sunt asocia\u021bi cu riscul crescut de apari\u021bie a emfizemului includ:<\/p>\n

·       Vârsta (comun\u0103 cu vârsta cuprins\u0103 între 40 \u0219i 60 de ani)<\/p>\n

·       Fiind fum\u0103tor<\/p>\n

·       Expunerea la fumatul pasiv<\/p>\n

·       Expunerea la vapori toxici (substan\u021be chimice sau praf provenite din fabrici sau zone miniere)<\/p>\n

·       Expunerea la poluarea aerului (vapori proveni\u021bi din combustibilul de înc\u0103lzire, gazele de e\u0219apament)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Complica\u021bii<\/h2>\n

Persoanele cu emfizem au, de asemenea, o probabilitate mai mare de a dezvolta urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n

·       Un colaps pulmonar (pneumotorax) din cauza deterior\u0103rii func\u021biei pl\u0103mânilor<\/p>\n

·       Condi\u021bii cardiace (corpulmonale) datorit\u0103 presiunii crescute în arterele care leag\u0103 inima \u0219i pl\u0103mânii<\/p>\n

·       G\u0103uri mari în pl\u0103mâni (bulg\u0103re gigant)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Prevenirea<\/h2>\n

Câteva recomand\u0103ri pentru prevenirea emfizemului includ:<\/p>\n

·       Renun\u021bând la fumat<\/p>\n

·       Evitarea fumului pasiv de respira\u021bie<\/p>\n

·       Purta\u021bi o masc\u0103 de protec\u021bie în jurul fumului chimic sau a particulelor de praf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"\nEmfizemul - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/diseases\/emfizemul\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Emfizemul - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Emfizemul este o form\u0103 de boal\u0103 pulmonar\u0103 pe termen lung. Ea d\u0103uneaz\u0103 c\u0103ilor respiratorii mici (alveole) din pl\u0103mâni \u0219i distruge \u021besutul pulmonar, ceea ce face dificil\u0103 respira\u021bia. Exist\u0103 mai multe cauze pentru emfizem, dar fumatul este de departe cel mai des întâlnit. 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Ea d\u0103uneaz\u0103 c\u0103ilor respiratorii mici (alveole) din pl\u0103mâni \u0219i distruge \u021besutul pulmonar, ceea ce face dificil\u0103 respira\u021bia. Exist\u0103 mai multe cauze pentru emfizem, dar fumatul este de departe cel mai des întâlnit. 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