{"id":35996,"date":"2017-05-17T11:44:39","date_gmt":"2017-05-17T11:44:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitas.local\/diseases\/retinopatia-diabetica\/"},"modified":"2017-05-17T11:44:39","modified_gmt":"2017-05-17T11:44:39","slug":"retinopatia-diabetica","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/diseases\/retinopatia-diabetica\/","title":{"rendered":"Retinopatia diabetic\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Retinopatia diabetic\u0103 este o complica\u021bie obi\u0219nuit\u0103 a diabetului care afecteaz\u0103 ochii. Apare atunci c&acirc;nd cre\u0219te nivelul zah\u0103rului din s&acirc;nge, provoc&acirc;nd deteriorarea vaselor de s&acirc;nge ale \u021besutului sensibil la lumin\u0103 din spatele ochilor (retin\u0103). Aceast\u0103 afec\u021biune se poate dezvolta &icirc;n orice persoan\u0103 care are diabet de tip 1 sau de tip 2. Tratamentul este necesar pentru a preveni complica\u021biile oculare sau chiar orbirea.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Simptome<\/h2>\n<p>Semnele \u0219i simptomele retinopatiei diabetice pot include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vedere neclar\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Pete sau forme plutitoare &icirc;n c&acirc;mpul vizual<\/li>\n<li>Deteriorare a vederii de culoare<\/li>\n<li>Orbire&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>Retinopatia diabetic\u0103 afecteaz\u0103 de obicei ambii ochi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Cauze<\/h2>\n<p>Retinopatia diabetic\u0103 este cauzat\u0103 atunci c&acirc;nd prea mult zah\u0103r la nivelul s&acirc;ngelui duce la &icirc;nfundarea vaselor mici de s&acirc;nge care sus\u021bin retina, t\u0103ind aprovizionarea cu s&acirc;nge. La r&acirc;ndul s\u0103u, ochiul &icirc;ncearc\u0103 s\u0103 produc\u0103 noi vase de s&acirc;nge; Totu\u0219i, ele nu se dezvolt\u0103 &icirc;n mod corespunz\u0103tor \u0219i, &icirc;n final, cauzeaz\u0103 scurgeri.<\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 tipuri de retinopatie diabetic\u0103:<\/p>\n<p>Retinopatia diabetic\u0103 precoce: O stare &icirc;n care pere\u021bii vaselor de s&acirc;nge din retin\u0103 sl\u0103besc \u0219i noile vase de s&acirc;nge nu cresc,<\/p>\n<p>Retinopatie diabetic\u0103 avansat\u0103: o afec\u021biune &icirc;n care vasele sanguine deteriorate se &icirc;nchid, determin&acirc;nd cre\u0219terea celulelor sanguine noi, anormale din retin\u0103, care pot provoca complica\u021bii ulterioare ale ochiului \u0219i pot determina o presiune &icirc;n globul ocular.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Factori de risc<\/h2>\n<p>Factorii asocia\u021bi cu risc crescut de dezvoltare a retinopatiei diabetice includ:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Durata diabetului<\/li>\n<li>Nivelul tensiunii arteriale ridicate<\/li>\n<li>Nivel ridicat de colesterol<\/li>\n<li>Control slab al zah\u0103rului din s&acirc;nge<\/li>\n<li>Fumat<\/li>\n<li>Fiind &icirc;ns\u0103rcinat\u0103&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>Fiind negru, hispanic s\u0103u american nativ<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Complica\u021bii<\/h2>\n<p>Complica\u021biile care pot ap\u0103rea din retinopatia diabetic\u0103 pot include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hemoragia hemoragic\u0103: Scurgerea s&acirc;ngelui &icirc;n zonele din jurul \u0219i &icirc;n jurul ochiului<\/li>\n<li>Deta\u0219area retinei: o afec\u021biune &icirc;n care o parte a ochiului se &icirc;ndep\u0103rteaz\u0103 de \u021besutul de sus\u021binere<\/li>\n<li>Glaucom: Un grup de afec\u021biuni oculare care determin\u0103 presiune &icirc;n ochi \u0219i orbire&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>Orbire: Pierderea vederii<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Tratament<\/h2>\n<p>Tratamentul pentru retinopatia diabetic\u0103 depinde de tipul de retinopatie diabetic\u0103 \u0219i de c&acirc;t de grav\u0103 este aceast\u0103 afec\u021biune. Retinopatia diabetic\u0103 precoce poate necesita doar o examinare vizual\u0103 pentru a determina dac\u0103 o persoan\u0103 are nevoie de tratament ulterior, precum \u0219i monitorizarea nivelului de zah\u0103r din s&acirc;nge.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Retinopatia diabetic\u0103 avansat\u0103 poate necesita:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tratamentul laser cu focalizare pentru a opri sau &icirc;ncetini scurgerile de s&acirc;nge \u0219i lichid &icirc;n ochi.<\/li>\n<li>Scatter tratamentul laser pentru a mic\u015fora vasele de s&acirc;nge anormale.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>Vitrectomia pentru &icirc;ndep\u0103rtarea s&acirc;ngelui din mijlocul ochiului, precum \u0219i a \u021besutului cicatricial care trage pe retin\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Chirurgia &icirc;ncetine\u0219te sau opre\u0219te adesea progresia retinopatiei diabetice, dar nu vindec\u0103 starea. Din moment ce diabetul este o afec\u021biune pe toat\u0103 durata vie\u021bii, deteriorarea viitoare a retinei \u0219i pierderea vederii pot fi posibile chiar \u0219i dup\u0103 tratament. Ob\u021binerea examenelor regulate de ochi \u0219i a tratamentului suplimentar este adesea recomandat\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Prevenirea<\/h2>\n<p>&Icirc;n timp ce prevenirea retinopatiei diabetice nu este &icirc;ntotdeauna posibil\u0103, ob\u0163inerea examin\u0103rilor periodice ale ochiului \u0219i controlul nivelului de zah\u0103r din s&acirc;nge \u0219i a tensiunii arteriale poate ajuta la prevenirea complica\u021biilor \u0219i a pierderii severe a vederii. C&acirc;teva recomand\u0103ri pentru prevenirea retinopatiei diabetice pot include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consumul unei alimenta\u021bii s\u0103n\u0103toase, echilibrate<\/li>\n<li>Exerci\u021biu regulat<\/li>\n<li>Examinarea la orice schimbare a vederii<\/li>\n<li>Lu&acirc;nd medicamente conform prescrip\u021biei<\/li>\n<li>Controlul tensiunii arteriale \u0219i a nivelului de colesterol<\/li>\n<li>Renun\u021b&acirc;nd la fumat&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>Efectuarea vizitelor anuale pentru examenul ocular.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Retinopatia diabetic\u0103 - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/diseases\/retinopatia-diabetica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Retinopatia diabetic\u0103 - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Retinopatia diabetic\u0103 este o complica\u021bie obi\u0219nuit\u0103 a diabetului care afecteaz\u0103 ochii. 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Apare atunci c&acirc;nd cre\u0219te nivelul zah\u0103rului din s&acirc;nge, provoc&acirc;nd deteriorarea vaselor de s&acirc;nge ale \u021besutului sensibil la lumin\u0103 din spatele ochilor (retin\u0103). Aceast\u0103 afec\u021biune se poate dezvolta &icirc;n orice persoan\u0103 care are diabet de tip 1 sau de tip 2. 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