{"id":35981,"date":"2017-05-17T11:15:57","date_gmt":"2017-05-17T11:15:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitas.local\/diseases\/coma-diabetica\/"},"modified":"2017-05-17T11:15:57","modified_gmt":"2017-05-17T11:15:57","slug":"coma-diabetica","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/diseases\/coma-diabetica\/","title":{"rendered":"Com\u0103 diabetic\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>O com\u0103 diabetic\u0103 este o complica\u021bie a diabetului care pune via\u021ba &icirc;n pericol \u0219i care cauzeaz\u0103 incon\u0219tien\u021ba. Poate s\u0103 apar\u0103 atunci c&acirc;nd zah\u0103rul din s&acirc;nge devine prea mare sau periculos de sc\u0103zut. De obicei, este cel mai frecvent la persoanele care sunt v&acirc;rstnici, bolnavi cronici sau cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi. L\u0103sat\u0103 netratat\u0103, o com\u0103 diabetic\u0103 poate fi fatal\u0103. Din fericire, exist\u0103 m\u0103suri de siguran\u021b\u0103 care pot fi luate pentru a preveni o com\u0103 diabetic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Simptome<\/h2>\n<p>&Icirc;nainte de a dezvolta o com\u0103 diabetic\u0103, o persoan\u0103 poate prezenta semne \u0219i simptome de &icirc;nalt nivel de zah\u0103r din s&acirc;nge sau sc\u0103derea zah\u0103rului din s&acirc;nge.<\/p>\n<p>Semne \u0219i simptome de tensiune arterial\u0103 ridicat\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Oboseal\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Gur\u0103 uscat\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Cre\u0219terea setei<\/li>\n<li>Urinare frecvent\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Boal\u0103 \u0219i v\u0103rs\u0103turi<\/li>\n<li>Respira\u021bie mirositoare nepl\u0103cut\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Respira\u0163ie dificil\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Durere abdominal\u0103&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>B\u0103t\u0103i de inim\u0103 neregulate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Simptome \u0219i simptome de sc\u0103dere a tensiunii arteriale:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Oboseal\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Tremur \u0219i tremur\u0103turi<\/li>\n<li>Transpira\u0163ie<\/li>\n<li>Apetit crescut<\/li>\n<li>Boal\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Anxietate<\/li>\n<li>Curse de inim\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Dificultatea de a vorbi&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>Confuzie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Cauze<\/h2>\n<p>Cauzele unei come diabetice se datoreaz\u0103 faptului c\u0103 nivelul zah\u0103rului din s&acirc;nge este prea mic sau prea mare. Acest lucru poate provoca diferite condi\u021bii &icirc;ntr-un individ, toate conduc&acirc;nd la o com\u0103 diabetic\u0103. Cele trei cauze principale sunt cunoscute sub numele de:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cetoacidoza diabetic\u0103: O complica\u021bie periculoas\u0103 a diabetului cauzat\u0103 de lipsa de insulin\u0103 &icirc;n organism. Cetoacidoza diabetic\u0103 este cea mai frecvent &icirc;nt&acirc;lnit\u0103 la pacien\u021bii cu diabet zaharat de tip 1, dar poate afecta \u0219i persoanele care sufer\u0103 de diabet zaharat tip 2 sau diabet gesta\u0163ional.<\/li>\n<li>Sindromul hiperosmolar diabetic: o afec\u021biune grav\u0103 cauzat\u0103 de nivelurile extrem de ridicate ale zah\u0103rului din s&acirc;nge. Sindromul hiperosmolar diabetic este cel mai frecvent la persoanele de v&acirc;rst\u0103 mijlocie \u0219i cele mai &icirc;n v&acirc;rst\u0103 care au diabet de tip 2.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>Hipoglicemia: o afec\u021biune grav\u0103 cauzat\u0103 de nivelurile extrem de sc\u0103zute ale zah\u0103rului din s&acirc;nge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Factori de risc<\/h2>\n<p>Factorii asocia\u021bi cu un risc crescut de com\u0103 diabetic\u0103 includ urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Diabet zaharat tip 1 (sc\u0103derea zah\u0103rului &icirc;n s&acirc;nge &#8211; cetoacidoz\u0103 diabetic\u0103)<\/li>\n<li>Diabet zaharat de tip 2 (sindrom hiperosmolar diabetic de s&acirc;nge &icirc;nalt)<\/li>\n<li>Lipsa de insulin\u0103 (poate duce rapid la cetoacidoz\u0103 diabetic\u0103)<\/li>\n<li>Lipsa de gestionare a diabetului zaharat (poate duce la complica\u021bii &icirc;ntre nivelurile de zah\u0103r din s&acirc;nge ale unui individ)<\/li>\n<li>Starea de s\u0103n\u0103tate, traume sau interven\u021bii chirurgicale (insuficien\u021b\u0103 cardiac\u0103, boal\u0103 renal\u0103)<\/li>\n<li>Consumul de alcool (poate duce la sc\u0103derea nivelului de zah\u0103r din s&acirc;nge)&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>Utilizarea medicamentelor (poate duce la cre\u0219terea sever\u0103 a nivelului zah\u0103rului din s&acirc;nge)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Complica\u021bii<\/h2>\n<p>Dac\u0103 sunt l\u0103sate netratate, complica\u021biile care rezult\u0103 din coma diabetic\u0103 pot include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Leziuni cerebrale permanente<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Moarte<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Tratament<\/h2>\n<p>Tipul de tratament pentru o com\u0103 diabetic\u0103 depinde de nivelul zah\u0103rului prea mare sau prea sc\u0103zut.<\/p>\n<p>Tratamentele pentru nivelurile ridicate de zah\u0103r din s&acirc;n includ:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Luarea de fluide intravenoase pentru a restabili apa &icirc;n \u021besuturi<\/li>\n<li>Utilizarea suplimentelor de potasiu, sodiu sau fosfat pentru a ajuta func\u021bia celular\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Lu&acirc;nd insulin\u0103 pentru a ajuta la absorb\u021bia glucozei din s&acirc;nge&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>Tratamentul infec\u021biilor c&acirc;t mai cur&acirc;nd posibil<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tratamentul pentru nivelurile sc\u0103zute de zah\u0103r din s&acirc;nge include:<\/p>\n<p>Ob\u021binerea unei injec\u021bii cu glucagon pentru a ajuta la cre\u0219terea nivelului de zah\u0103r din s&acirc;nge \u0219i a nivelului glucozei din s&acirc;nge<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Prevenirea<\/h2>\n<p>C&acirc;teva recomand\u0103ri pentru prevenirea comei diabetice pot include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Monitorizarea \u0219i controlul nivelurilor de zah\u0103r din s&acirc;nge (monitor de glucoz\u0103)<\/li>\n<li>Luarea de medicamente atunci c&acirc;nd este necesar<\/li>\n<li>Verificarea urinei pentru cetone atunci c&acirc;nd glicemia este ridicat\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Av&acirc;nd un set de glucagon \u0219i resurse de zah\u0103r cu ac\u021biune rapid\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Limitarea consumului de alcool&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>Purta\u021bi o br\u0103\u021bar\u0103 sau un colier cu informa\u021bii valoroase despre starea dv.de s\u0103n\u0103tate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Com\u0103 diabetic\u0103 - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/diseases\/coma-diabetica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Com\u0103 diabetic\u0103 - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"O com\u0103 diabetic\u0103 este o complica\u021bie a diabetului care pune via\u021ba &icirc;n pericol \u0219i care cauzeaz\u0103 incon\u0219tien\u021ba. Poate s\u0103 apar\u0103 atunci c&acirc;nd zah\u0103rul din s&acirc;nge devine prea mare sau periculos de sc\u0103zut. De obicei, este cel mai frecvent la persoanele care sunt v&acirc;rstnici, bolnavi cronici sau cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi. 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