{"id":35956,"date":"2017-03-30T13:00:39","date_gmt":"2017-03-30T13:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitas.local\/diseases\/ischemia-mezenterica\/"},"modified":"2017-03-30T13:00:39","modified_gmt":"2017-03-30T13:00:39","slug":"ischemia-mezenterica","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/diseases\/ischemia-mezenterica\/","title":{"rendered":"Ischemia mezenteric\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ischemia mezenteric\u0103<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ischemia mezenteric\u0103 este o afec\u021biune cronic\u0103 cauzat\u0103 de aportul sanguin sc\u0103zut la nivel intestinal, rezultat în urma îngust\u0103rii sau bloc\u0103rii uneia dintre cele trei artere majore care furnizeaz\u0103 sânge la intestine. De asemenea, poate s\u0103 apar\u0103 brusc, ca urmare a unui cheag de sânge care restric\u021bioneaz\u0103 sever fluxul de sânge ce poate provoca dureri abdominale bru\u015fte \u0219i, mai pu\u021bin frecvent, scaune cu sânge. Lipsa sângelui bogat în oxigen poate afecta permanent intestinele. Prin urmare, aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie necesit\u0103 îngrijire medical\u0103 imediat\u0103.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptome<\/h2>\n

Simptomele de ischemie arterial\u0103 mezenteric\u0103 acut\u0103 rezultat\u0103 din cauza unui cheag de sânge care obtureaz\u0103 lumenul vaselor de sânge includ diaree, dureri abdominale severe bru\u015fte \u0219i v\u0103rs\u0103turi, în timp ce simptomele de ischemie arterial\u0103 mezenteric\u0103 cronic\u0103 cauzate de rigidizarea arterelor includ dureri abdominale \u0219i diaree dupa mas\u0103.<\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 trei faze progresive ale ischemiei mezenterice. Acestea sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n

O etap\u0103 hiperactiv\u0103, în care simptomele primare sunt dureri abdominale severe \u0219i eliminarea de scaune cu sânge. Mul\u0163i pacienti încep s\u0103 se simt\u0103 mai bine \u0219i nu progreseaz\u0103 dincolo de aceast\u0103 faz\u0103;<\/p>\n

O faz\u0103 paralitic\u0103 poate urma dac\u0103 ischemie continu\u0103; în aceast\u0103 faz\u0103, durerea abdominal\u0103 devine tot extins\u0103, abdomenul devine mult mai sensibil la atingere, iar motilitatea intestinal\u0103 scade, ceea ce duce la balonare, f\u0103r\u0103 scaune cu sânge, iar sunete abdominale lipsesc la examen obiectiv;<\/p>\n

În cele din urm\u0103, apare o faz\u0103 de \u0219oc prin scurgerea fluidelor prin mucoasa colonului deteriorat. Acest lucru poate duce la \u0219oc \u0219i acidoz\u0103 metabolic\u0103 cu deshidratare, tensiune arterial\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103, ritm cardiac rapid, \u0219i confuzie. Pacien\u021bii care progreseaz\u0103 în aceast\u0103 faz\u0103, sunt de multe ori în stare critic\u0103 \u015fi necesit\u0103 terapie intensiv\u0103.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cauze<\/h2>\n

Ischemia arterei mezenterice este adesea observat\u0103 la persoanele care au arterele ce vascularizeaz\u0103 intestinul rigidizate. Afec\u0163iunea este mai frecvent\u0103 la fum\u0103tori \u015fi la persoanele cu tensiune arterial\u0103 mare sau nivelul colesterolului ridicat.<\/p>\n

Ischemie mezenteric\u0103 poate fi, de asemenea, cauzat\u0103 de un cheag de sânge, care se nume\u0219te "embolus" \u0219i care blocheaz\u0103 una dintre arterele mezenterice. Cheagurile provin de obicei din inim\u0103 sau aort\u0103. Aceste cheaguri sunt mai frecvent observate la persoanele cu ritm cardiac anormal, cum ar fi fibrila\u0163ia atrial\u0103.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Complica\u0163ii<\/h2>\n

Complica\u021bia cea mai grav\u0103 a ischemiei arterei mezenterice este moartea care rezult\u0103 din lipsa fluxului sanguin (infarct) în intestine.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Preven\u0163ie<\/h2>\n

Ischemia mezenteric\u0103 poate fi prevenit\u0103 doar prin schimbarea stilului de via\u021b\u0103 care reduce riscul de îngustare a arterelor, cum ar fi: exercitii fizice regulate, o diet\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103, tratarea problemelor cardiace, men\u021binând nivelul colesterolului \u0219i al zah\u0103rului din sânge sub control \u015fi renun\u0163area la fumat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"\nIschemia mezenteric\u0103 - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/diseases\/ischemia-mezenterica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ischemia mezenteric\u0103 - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ischemia mezenteric\u0103   Ischemia mezenteric\u0103 este o afec\u021biune cronic\u0103 cauzat\u0103 de aportul sanguin sc\u0103zut la nivel intestinal, rezultat în urma îngust\u0103rii sau bloc\u0103rii uneia dintre cele trei artere majore care furnizeaz\u0103 sânge la intestine. 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